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http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_doctype.asp
HTML5 is not based on SGML, and therefore does not require a reference to a DTD.
On what standard is HTML 5 based on if not on SGML?
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The HTML5 syntax is no longer based on SGML despite the similarity of its markup. It has, however, been designed to be backward-compatible with common parsing of older versions of HTML.
While HTML, prior to HTML5, was defined as an application of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), a flexible markup language framework, XHTML is an application of XML, a more restrictive subset of SGML.
HTML 5 is a revision of the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the standard programming language for describing the contents and appearance of Web pages. HTML5 was developed to solve compatibility problems that affect the current standard, HTML4.
The HTML5 standard specifies two serializations of HTML5: "html" and "xml". "xml" is a valid XML serialization (which in turn is a subset of SGML). "html" is not based on any specific serialization standard anymore, it has its own complete serialization. Herein lies the difference: HTML4 has a "sgml" serialization and "xml" serialization (called XHTML 1.0)
Of course HTML5 is for a large part based on HTML4 (based on SGML) and XHTML (based on HTML4 and XML).
Also see the history section of the HTML5 specification
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