How do I write a rewrite-rule that redirects visitors to the domain www.mydomain.com/ to www.mydomain.com/index.html?
So you want to redirect nothing (^$) to index.html? That would then look like
RewriteRule ^$ index.html [L]
If you want to avoid both the / and /index.html being indexed by search bots, then add R=301 to make it a permanent redirect rather than a temporary redirect (302, which is the default). This would let the bots only index the /index.html.
RewriteRule ^$ index.html [R=301,L]
                        What BalusC said - but consider whether you really want to redirect them. Wouldn't it be better to just serve index.html when the browser requests /, like most servers do? It's an extra round-trip to the server for no gain and just makes the URL longer. It's so 1990s. :)
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