HSQLDB Order By with multiple columns

Question

I am performing a query using hsqldb and hibernate. I have an order by statement: -

Query query = em
    .createQuery("SELECT DISTINCT new com.mytransferobject.QuickSearchResultTO(m.id, m.firstName||' '||m.surname, '')  " +
        "FROM Member m, ClassC c, ClassCm cm " +
        "WHERE  c.id = cm.clubId AND m.id = cm.memberId " +
        "AND c.lft >= :lft AND c.lft <= :rgt " +
        "AND (firstName LIKE :memberName OR surname LIKE :memberName) " +
        "AND m.deleted = false " +
        "AND c.deleted = false " +
        "ORDER BY m.firstName, m.surname");

query.setParameter("lft", lft);
query.setParameter("rgt", rgt);
query.setParameter("memberName", memberName + "%");

This works fine in MYSQL, but fails in my test code (using hsqldb 2.2.6). I tried concatenating them together and it works ok, but this is a highly used query, so I'd like to avoid any unnecessary operations.

I am getting an exception: -

    javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: invalid ORDER BY expression
        at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.convert(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:1360)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.convert(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:1288)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.QueryImpl.getResultList(QueryImpl.java:261)
        at com.servasport.smp.dao.jpa.MemberDaoImpl.quickSearchAll(MemberDaoImpl.java:626)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:318)
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:183)
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:150)
        at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:110)
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172)
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:202)
        at $Proxy68.quickSearchAll(Unknown Source)
        at com.servasport.smp.dao.MemberDaoTest.quickSearchSuccess(MemberDaoTest.java:768)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
        at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
        at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
        at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
        at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74)
        at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:83)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
        at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:49)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
    Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: invalid ORDER BY expression
        at org.hibernate.exception.internal.SQLExceptionTypeDelegate.convert(SQLExceptionTypeDelegate.java:83)
        at org.hibernate.exception.internal.StandardSQLExceptionConverter.convert(StandardSQLExceptionConverter.java:49)
        at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:125)
        at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:110)
        at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.proxy.ConnectionProxyHandler.continueInvocation(ConnectionProxyHandler.java:146)
        at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.proxy.AbstractProxyHandler.invoke(AbstractProxyHandler.java:81)
        at $Proxy95.prepareStatement(Unknown Source)
        at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.StatementPreparerImpl$5.doPrepare(StatementPreparerImpl.java:147)
        at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.StatementPreparerImpl$StatementPreparationTemplate.prepareStatement(StatementPreparerImpl.java:166)
        at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.StatementPreparerImpl.prepareQueryStatement(StatementPreparerImpl.java:145)
        at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.prepareQueryStatement(Loader.java:1720)
        at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doQuery(Loader.java:828)
        at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doQueryAndInitializeNonLazyCollections(Loader.java:289)
        at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doList(Loader.java:2447)
        at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doList(Loader.java:2433)
        at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.listIgnoreQueryCache(Loader.java:2263)
        at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.list(Loader.java:2258)
        at org.hibernate.loader.hql.QueryLoader.list(QueryLoader.java:470)
        at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.QueryTranslatorImpl.list(QueryTranslatorImpl.java:355)
        at org.hibernate.engine.query.spi.HQLQueryPlan.performList(HQLQueryPlan.java:196)
        at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.list(SessionImpl.java:1161)
        at org.hibernate.internal.QueryImpl.list(QueryImpl.java:101)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.QueryImpl.getResultList(QueryImpl.java:252)
        ... 43 more
    Caused by: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: invalid ORDER BY expression
        at org.hsqldb.jdbc.Util.sqlException(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.jdbc.Util.sqlException(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCPreparedStatement.<init>(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection.prepareStatement(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.proxy.ConnectionProxyHandler.continueInvocation(ConnectionProxyHandler.java:138)
        ... 61 more
    Caused by: org.hsqldb.HsqlException: invalid ORDER BY expression
        at org.hsqldb.error.Error.error(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.error.Error.error(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.QuerySpecification.resolveGroups(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.QuerySpecification.resolveTypesPartTwo(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.QueryExpression.resolve(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.ParserDQL.compileCursorSpecification(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.ParserCommand.compilePart(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.ParserCommand.compileStatement(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.Session.compileStatement(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.StatementManager.compile(Unknown Source)
        at org.hsqldb.Session.execute(Unknown Source)
        ... 68 more

Answer 1

Probably, you have the exception "invalid order by expression" because you specify a column in ORDER BY (in your case, m.firstName and m.surname) that are not explicit returned in the SELECT clause. Some databases, like SQL Server and MySQL don't need this, but others like HSQLDB and DB2 cannot do this ORDER BY without the fields in SELECT too.

I think your code will work if you use:

Query query = em
    .createQuery("SELECT DISTINCT new com.mytransferobject.QuickSearchResultTO(m.id, m.firstName, m.surname, m.firstName||' '||m.surname, '')  " +
        "FROM Member m, ClassC c, ClassCm cm " +
        "WHERE  c.id = cm.clubId AND m.id = cm.memberId " +
        "AND c.lft >= :lft AND c.lft <= :rgt " +
        "AND (firstName LIKE :memberName OR surname LIKE :memberName) " +
        "AND m.deleted = false " +
        "AND c.deleted = false " +
        "ORDER BY m.firstName, m.surname");