How to write XML declaration using xml.etree.ElementTree

Question

I am generating an XML document in Python using an ElementTree, but the tostring function doesn't include an XML declaration when converting to plaintext.

from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, tostring  document = Element('outer') node = SubElement(document, 'inner') node.NewValue = 1 print tostring(document)  # Outputs "<outer><inner /></outer>" 

I need my string to include the following XML declaration:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?> 

However, there does not seem to be any documented way of doing this.

Is there a proper method for rendering the XML declaration in an ElementTree?

Answer 1

I am surprised to find that there doesn't seem to be a way with ElementTree.tostring(). You can however use ElementTree.ElementTree.write() to write your XML document to a fake file:

from io import BytesIO from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET  document = ET.Element('outer') node = ET.SubElement(document, 'inner') et = ET.ElementTree(document)  f = BytesIO() et.write(f, encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)  print(f.getvalue())  # your XML file, encoded as UTF-8 

See this question. Even then, I don't think you can get your 'standalone' attribute without writing prepending it yourself.

Answer 2

I would use lxml (see http://lxml.de/api.html).

Then you can:

from lxml import etree document = etree.Element('outer') node = etree.SubElement(document, 'inner') print(etree.tostring(document, xml_declaration=True))