How to vertically align text inside a flexbox?

Question

I would like to use flexbox to vertically align some content inside an <li> but not having great success.

I've checked online and many of the tutorials actually use a wrapper div which gets the align-items:center from the flex settings on the parent, but I'm wondering is it possible to cut out this additional element?

I've opted to use flexbox in this instance as the list item height will be a dynamic %.

* {    padding: 0;    margin: 0;  }    html,  body {    height: 100%;  }    ul {    height: 100%;  }    li {    display: flex;    justify-content: center;    align-self: center;    background: silver;    width: 100%;    height: 20%;  }

<ul>    <li>This is the text</li>  </ul>

Answer 1

Instead of using align-self: center use align-items: center.

There's no need to change flex-direction or use text-align.

Here's your code, with one adjustment, to make it all work:

ul {   height: 100%; }  li {   display: flex;   justify-content: center;   /* align-self: center;    <---- REMOVE */   align-items: center;   /* <---- NEW    */   background: silver;   width: 100%;   height: 20%; } 

The align-self property applies to flex items. Except your li is not a flex item because its parent – the ul – does not have display: flex or display: inline-flex applied.

Therefore, the ul is not a flex container, the li is not a flex item, and align-self has no effect.

The align-items property is similar to align-self, except it applies to flex containers.

Since the li is a flex container, align-items can be used to vertically center the child elements.

* {   padding: 0;   margin: 0; } html, body {   height: 100%; } ul {   height: 100%; } li {   display: flex;   justify-content: center;   /* align-self: center; */   align-items: center;   background: silver;   width: 100%;   height: 20%; }

<ul>   <li>This is the text</li> </ul>

codepen demo

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Technically, here's how align-items and align-self work...

The align-items property (on the container) sets the default value of align-self (on the items). Therefore, align-items: center means all flex items will be set to align-self: center.

But you can override this default by adjusting the align-self on individual items.

For example, you may want equal height columns, so the container is set to align-items: stretch. However, one item must be pinned to the top, so it is set to align-self: flex-start.

example

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How is the text a flex item?

Some people may be wondering how a run of text...

<li>This is the text</li> 

is a child element of the li.

The reason is that text that is not explicitly wrapped by an inline-level element is algorithmically wrapped by an inline box. This makes it an anonymous inline element and child of the parent.

From the CSS spec:

9.2.2.1 Anonymous inline boxes

Any text that is directly contained inside a block container element must be treated as an anonymous inline element.

The flexbox specification provides for similar behavior.

4. Flex Items

Each in-flow child of a flex container becomes a flex item, and each contiguous run of text that is directly contained inside a flex container is wrapped in an anonymous flex item.

Hence, the text in the li is a flex item.

Answer 2

The best move is to just nest a flexbox inside of a flexbox. All you have to do is give the child align-items: center. This will vertically align the text inside of its parent.

// Assuming a horizontally centered row of items for the parent but it doesn't have to be .parent {   align-items: center;   display: flex;   justify-content: center; }  .child {   display: flex;   align-items: center; }