How to use multiple viewports in OpenGL?

Question

Nehe has a good tutorial on how to do this, and his site is generally a good resource for OpenGL questions.

 // normal mode
  if(!divided_view_port)
    glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
else
{
    // right bottom
    glViewport(w/2, h/2, w, h);
    glLoadIdentity ();
    gluLookAt(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f,
              0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
              0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

    display();

    // left bottom
    glViewport(0, h/2, w/2, h);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt (5.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
              0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
              0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

    display();

    // top right
    glViewport(w/2, 0, w, h/2);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt(0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f,
              0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
              0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

    display();

    // top left
    glViewport(0, 0, w/2, h/2);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt(0.0f, 5.0f, 0.0f,
              0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
              0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

    display();
}
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();

if (w <= h)
    glOrtho(-2.0, 2.0, 
            -2.0 * (GLfloat) h / (GLfloat) w, 2.0 * (GLfloat) h / (GLfloat) w, 
    -10.0, 100.0); 
else
    glOrtho(-2.0 * (GLfloat) w / (GLfloat) h, 2.0 * (GLfloat) w / (GLfloat) h, 
    -2.0, 2.0, 
    -10.0, 100.0);

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

Minimal runnable example

Similar to this answer, but more direct and compilable. Output:

main.c

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>

static int width;
static int height;

static void display(void) {
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

    glViewport(0, 0, width/2, height/2);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt(0.0, 0.0, -3.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    glutWireTeapot(1);

    glViewport(width/2, 0, width/2, height/2);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt(0.0, 0.0, 3.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    glutWireTeapot(1);

    glViewport(0, height/2, width/2, height/2);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt(0.0, 3.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glutWireTeapot(1);

    glViewport(width/2, height/2, width/2, height/2);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt(0.0, -3.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glutWireTeapot(1);

    glFlush();
}

static void reshape(int w, int h) {
    width = w;
    height = h;
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glFrustum(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.5, 20.0);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
    glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
    glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
    glutCreateWindow(argv[0]);
    glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
    glutMainLoop();
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Compile and run:

gcc -o main.out main.c -lGL -lGLU -lglut
./main.out

I think that in modern OpenGL 4 you should just render to textures, and then place those textures orthogonaly on the screen, see this as a starting point: http://www.opengl-tutorial.org/intermediate-tutorials/tutorial-14-render-to-texture/

Tested on OpenGL 4.5.0 NVIDIA 352.63, Ubuntu 15.10.

yes,

and you should also change the scissor settings to have a clean separation between the two views if they are in the same window.

In GL 4 you can render to many viewports in one rendering pass. See ARB_viewport_array and related concepts.