How to switch scenes in JavaFX

Question

I have looked on many pages to try and find out how to switch scenes but I have been unsuccessful.

I have a calculator and my goal is to select a menu option to change Calculators(ie: basic and scientific). Right now I am just testing so here is my code relevant to this question thus far (I am using Scene Builder):

@FXML private MenuItem basic;
@FXML private MenuItem testSwitch;


public static void main(String[] args)
{
    Application.launch( args );

}
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception
{
   Parent pane = FXMLLoader.load(
           getClass().getResource( "calculator.fxml" ) );

   Scene scene = new Scene( pane );
   primaryStage.setScene(scene);
   primaryStage.setTitle( "Calculator" );
   primaryStage.show();

}
@FXML
public void handleMenuOption(ActionEvent e) 
{
    if(e.getSource()==basic)
    {
        changeScene("calculator.fxml");
    }
    else if(e.getSource()==testSwitch)
    {
        changeScene("TestSwitch.fxml");
    }
}
public void changeScene(String fxml) 
{
    //this prints out
    System.out.println(fxml);
}

EDIT I've tried quite a few things already. No matter what, I always get this NullPointerException. I have a feeling it may have to do with setting something in scene builder but I just have not been able to find an answer

Exception in thread "JavaFX Application Thread" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$MethodHandler.invoke(Unknown Source)
at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$ControllerMethodEventHandler.handle(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventHandler.dispatchBubblingEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEventImpl(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEvent(Unknown Source)
at javafx.event.Event.fireEvent(Unknown Source)
at javafx.scene.control.MenuItem.fire(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.scene.control.skin.ContextMenuContent$MenuItemContainer.doSelect(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.scene.control.skin.ContextMenuContent$MenuItemContainer.lambda$createChildren$343(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventHandler$NormalEventHandlerRecord.handleBubblingEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventHandler.dispatchBubblingEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventDispatcher.dispatchBubblingEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEventImpl(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEvent(Unknown Source)
at javafx.event.Event.fireEvent(Unknown Source)
at javafx.scene.Scene$MouseHandler.process(Unknown Source)
at javafx.scene.Scene$MouseHandler.access$1500(Unknown Source)
at javafx.scene.Scene.impl_processMouseEvent(Unknown Source)
at javafx.scene.Scene$ScenePeerListener.mouseEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler$MouseEventNotification.run(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler$MouseEventNotification.run(Unknown Source)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler.lambda$handleMouseEvent$354(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumToolkit.runWithoutRenderLock(Unknown Source)
at    com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler.handleMouseEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.glass.ui.View.handleMouseEvent(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.glass.ui.View.notifyMouse(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication._runLoop(Native Method)
at com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication.lambda$null$148(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.misc.Trampoline.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.misc.MethodUtil.invoke(Unknown Source)
... 44 more
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
at CalculatorMain.changeScene(CalculatorMain.java:75)
at CalculatorMain.handleMenuOption(CalculatorMain.java:64)
... 53 more




at CalculatorMain.changeScene(CalculatorMain.java:75)
This is at:stage . getScene() . setRoot(pane);


at CalculatorMain.handleMenuOption(CalculatorMain.java:64)
This is at:changeScene ("TestSwitch.fxml");

WORKING CODE:

I played around using suggestions below and used this code to make it work:

private Stage stage;

public static void main(String[] args)
{
    Application.launch( args );
}

@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception
{
    this.stage = primaryStage;
    FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(getClass()
            .getResource("calculator.fxml"));
    Parent root = (Parent)loader.load();
    BasicCalculatorView controller = (BasicCalculatorView)loader.getController();
    controller.setModel(new BasicCalculatorModelTest(controller));
    controller.setLogic(this);
    primaryStage.setTitle("Calculator");
    primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root));
    primaryStage.show();
}

public void switchScene(String fxmlFile)
{

    FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(getClass()
            .getResource(fxmlFile));
    Parent root;
    try 
    {
        root = (Parent)loader.load();
        if(fxmlFile.equals("calculator.fxml"))
        {
            BasicCalculatorView controller = (BasicCalculatorView)loader.getController();
            controller.setModel(new BasicCalculatorModelTest(controller));
            controller.setLogic(this);
        }
        else if(fxmlFile.equals("TestSwitch.fxml"))
        {
            TestSwitch controller = (TestSwitch)loader.getController();
            controller.setLogic(this);
        }
        this.stage.setScene(new Scene(root));
    } 
    catch (IOException e)
    {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

}

Answer 1

I wrote this controller to keep track of the different scenegraphes.

public class ScreenController {     private HashMap<String, Pane> screenMap = new HashMap<>();     private Scene main;      public ScreenController(Scene main) {         this.main = main;     }      protected void addScreen(String name, Pane pane){          screenMap.put(name, pane);     }      protected void removeScreen(String name){         screenMap.remove(name);     }      protected void activate(String name){         main.setRoot( screenMap.get(name) );     } } 

So I can write:

ScreenController screenController = new ScreenController(scene); screenController.add("calculator", FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource( "calculator.fxml" ))); screenController.add("testSwitch", FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource( "TestSwitch.fxml" ))); screenController.activate("calculator"); 

This was a workaround for a fullscreen application, where the MacOS fullscreen transition was shown every time a stage switches its scene.

Answer 2

Instead of switching Scenes, switch a root node on already existing Scene