How to suppress or capture the output of subprocess.run()?

Question

Here is how to suppress output, in order of decreasing levels of cleanliness. They assume you are on Python 3.

1. You can redirect to the special subprocess.DEVNULL target.

import subprocess

subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
# The above only redirects stdout...
# this will also redirect stderr to /dev/null as well
subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
# Alternatively, you can merge stderr and stdout streams and redirect
# the one stream to /dev/null
subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)

2. If you want a fully manual method, can redirect to /dev/null by opening the file handle yourself. Everything else would be identical to method #1.

import os
import subprocess

with open(os.devnull, 'w') as devnull:
    subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], stdout=devnull)

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Here is how to capture output (to use later or parse), in order of decreasing levels of cleanliness. They assume you are on Python 3. The below examples use text=True (Python >= 3.7 only, use universal_newlines=True on Python <= 3.6 which is identical but more verbose to type) to return the output as str instead of bytes - omit text=True/universal_newlines=True to get bytes data.

1. If you simply want to capture both STDOUT and STDERR independently, AND you are on Python >= 3.7, use capture_output=True.

import subprocess

result = subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], capture_output=True, text=True)
print(result.stdout)
print(result.stderr)

2. You can use subprocess.PIPE to capture STDOUT and STDERR independently. This works on any version of Python that supports subprocess.run.

import subprocess

result = subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
print(result.stdout)

# To also capture stderr...
result = subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
print(result.stdout)
print(result.stderr)

# To mix stdout and stderr into a single string
result = subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, universal_newlines=True)
print(result.stdout)

ex: to capture the output of ls -a

import subprocess
ls = subprocess.run(['ls', '-a'], capture_output=True, text=True).stdout.strip("\n")
print(ls)