I have been able to install repositories that do not have a composer.json file like this:
    {         "type": "package",         "package": {             "name": "yahoo/yui-compressor",             "version": "2.0.4",             "dist": {                 "url": "http://yui.zenfs.com/releases/yuicompressor/yuicompressor-2.4.7.zip",                 "type": "zip"             }         }     },   I took the "type": "zip" part from the docs, but I couldn't find many other types. For example, I need to install jQuery, but I don't know what to put in type ("js" did not work).
    {         "type": "package",         "package": {             "name": "jquery/jquery",             "version": "1.7.2",             "dist": {                 "url": "http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.7.2.js",                 "type": "js"             }         }     }   Any ideas?
EDIT: I'm adding the full solution to help @CMCDragonkai:
    "require": {         "vendorname/somefile": "1.2.3",     },     "repositories": [         {             "type": "package",             "package": {                 "name": "vendorname/somefile",                 "version": "1.2.3",                 "dist": {                     "url": "http://example.com/somefile.txt",                     "type": "file"                 }             }         }     ] 
                This is the easiest way to get Composer set up on your machine. Download and run Composer-Setup.exe. It will install the latest Composer version and set up your PATH so that you can call composer from any directory in your command line. Note: Close your current terminal.
Actually there is an easier way to install jQuery, just type:
{     "require": {         "components/jquery": "1.9.*"     } }   It uses Component Installer for Composer and by default all assets from Component are installed under components, but it can be customize. (see docs).
This is simply a missing feature. There should probably be a new type of dist which is just a single plaintext file to be downloaded and left as-is. Please file a feature request on the github issue tracker: https://github.com/composer/composer/issues/
EDIT :
The feature actually exists but wasn't documented.
"type": "file" 
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