How to inject an attribute using a PostSharp attribute?

Question

How can I write a PostSharp aspect to apply an attribute to a class? The scenario I'm considering is a WCF entity (or domain object) that needs to be decorated with the DataContract attribute. It should also have a Namespace property. Like this:

using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace MWS.Contracts.Search.V1
{
    namespace Domain
    {
        [DataContract(Namespace = XmlNamespaces.SchemaNamespace)]
        public class PagingContext
        {
            [DataMember]
            public int Page { get; set; }

            [DataMember]
            public int ResultsPerPage { get; set; }

            [DataMember]
            public int MaxResults { get; set; }
        }
    }
}

In the above example you can see what I want the output to look like. It has the DataContract attribute applied to the class. Doing this by hand is tedious and not unique. I'd really just like to write a single aspect that can be applied a my "Domain" namespace. It would then apply the serialization related attributes for me. This way I can just focus on developing entity objects, and not worry about the serialization pluming details.

I have found documentation on PostSharp's website for injecting code before, after, and instead of methods. However what I'm looking for is a way to inject an Attribute onto a type.

---

Here is the solution!

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using PostSharp.Aspects;
using PostSharp.Extensibility;
using PostSharp.Reflection;

namespace MWS.Contracts.Aspects
{
    // We set up multicast inheritance so  the aspect is automatically added to children types.
    [MulticastAttributeUsage(MulticastTargets.Class, Inheritance = MulticastInheritance.Strict)]
    [Serializable]
    public sealed class AutoDataContractAttribute : TypeLevelAspect, IAspectProvider
    {
        private readonly string xmlNamespace;

        public AutoDataContractAttribute(string xmlNamespace)
        {
            this.xmlNamespace = xmlNamespace;
        }

        // This method is called at build time and should just provide other aspects.
        public IEnumerable<AspectInstance> ProvideAspects(object targetElement)
        {
            var targetType = (Type) targetElement;

            var introduceDataContractAspect =
                new CustomAttributeIntroductionAspect(
                    new ObjectConstruction(typeof (DataContractAttribute).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes)));

            introduceDataContractAspect.CustomAttribute.NamedArguments.Add("Namespace", xmlNamespace);

            var introduceDataMemberAspect =
                new CustomAttributeIntroductionAspect(
                    new ObjectConstruction(typeof (DataMemberAttribute).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes)));

            // Add the DataContract attribute to the type.
            yield return new AspectInstance(targetType, introduceDataContractAspect);

            // Add a DataMember attribute to every relevant property.)))
            foreach (var property in
                targetType.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Instance)
                    .Where(property =>
                           property.CanWrite &&
                           !property.IsDefined(typeof (NotDataMemberAttribute), false)))
                yield return new AspectInstance(property, introduceDataMemberAspect);
        }
    }

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
    public sealed class NotDataMemberAttribute : Attribute
    {
    }
}

Answer 1

See http://www.sharpcrafters.com/blog/post/PostSharp-Principals-Day-12-e28093-Aspect-Providers-e28093-Part-1.aspx

Here is a working example. Applying this aspect to a class will apply the XmlIgnore attribute to any public property that does not already have XmlElement or XmlAttribute applied to it. the trick is using the CustomAttributeIntroductioinAspect that is built in to Postsharp. You just need to instantiate an instance specifying the attribute type and contructor details, then create a provider to apply it to the target(s).

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using PostSharp.Extensibility;
using PostSharp.Aspects;
using PostSharp.Reflection;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace ApplyingAttributes
{
    [MulticastAttributeUsage(MulticastTargets.Field | MulticastTargets.Property,
                            TargetMemberAttributes = MulticastAttributes.Public | MulticastAttributes.Instance)]
    public sealed class AddXmlIgnoreAttribute : LocationLevelAspect, IAspectProvider
    {
        private static readonly CustomAttributeIntroductionAspect customAttributeIntroductionAspect =
            new CustomAttributeIntroductionAspect(
                new ObjectConstruction(typeof(XmlIgnoreAttribute).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes)));

        public IEnumerable<AspectInstance> ProvideAspects(object targetElement)
        {
            LocationInfo memberInfo = (LocationInfo)targetElement;

            if (memberInfo.PropertyInfo.IsDefined(typeof(XmlElementAttribute), false) ||
                memberInfo.PropertyInfo.IsDefined(typeof(XmlAttributeAttribute), false))
                yield break;

            yield return new AspectInstance(memberInfo.PropertyInfo, customAttributeIntroductionAspect);
        }
    }

}

To use attributes, specifying parameters, I use

 public class MyAspect : TypeLevelAspect, IAspectProvider
{
    public IEnumerable<AspectInstance> ProvideAspects(object targetElement)
    {
        yield return Create<MethodInfo>(mi, "Value");

    }

    private AspectInstance Create<T>(T target, string newName)
    {
        var x = new CustomAttributeIntroductionAspect(
            new ObjectConstruction(typeof(NewMethodName).GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeof(string) }), new object[] { newName })
            );

        return new AspectInstance(target, x);
    }
}