How to generate range of numbers from 0 to n in ES2015 only?

Question

You can use the spread operator on the keys of a freshly created array.

[...Array(n).keys()]

or

Array.from(Array(n).keys())

The Array.from() syntax is necessary if working with TypeScript

I also found one more intuitive way using Array.from:

const range = n => Array.from({length: n}, (value, key) => key)

Now this range function will return all the numbers starting from 0 to n-1

A modified version of the range to support start and end is:

const range = (start, end) => Array.from({length: (end - start)}, (v, k) => k + start);

EDIT As suggested by @marco6, you can put this as a static method if it suits your use case

Array.range = (start, end) => Array.from({length: (end - start)}, (v, k) => k + start);

and use it as

Array.range(3, 9)

With Delta/Step

smallest and one-liner

[...Array(N)].map((_, i) => from + i * step);

Examples and other alternatives

[...Array(10)].map((_, i) => 4 + i * 2);
//=> [4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22]

Array.from(Array(10)).map((_, i) => 4 + i * 2);
//=> [4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22]

Array.from(Array(10).keys()).map(i => 4 + i * 2);
//=> [4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22]

[...Array(10).keys()].map(i => 4 + i * -2);
//=> [4, 2, 0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, -12, -14]

Array(10).fill(0).map((_, i) => 4 + i * 2);
//=> [4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22]

Array(10).fill().map((_, i) => 4 + i * -2);
//=> [4, 2, 0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, -12, -14]

Range Function

const range = (from, to, step) =>
  [...Array(Math.floor((to - from) / step) + 1)].map((_, i) => from + i * step);

range(0, 9, 2);
//=> [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]

// can also assign range function as static method in Array class (but not recommended )
Array.range = (from, to, step) =>
  [...Array(Math.floor((to - from) / step) + 1)].map((_, i) => from + i * step);

Array.range(2, 10, 2);
//=> [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

Array.range(0, 10, 1);
//=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

Array.range(2, 10, -1);
//=> []

Array.range(3, 0, -1);
//=> [3, 2, 1, 0]

As Iterators

class Range {
  constructor(total = 0, step = 1, from = 0) {
    this[Symbol.iterator] = function* () {
      for (let i = 0; i < total; yield from + i++ * step) {}
    };
  }
}

[...new Range(5)]; // Five Elements
//=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
[...new Range(5, 2)]; // Five Elements With Step 2
//=> [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
[...new Range(5, -2, 10)]; // Five Elements With Step -2 From 10
//=>[10, 8, 6, 4, 2]
[...new Range(5, -2, -10)]; // Five Elements With Step -2 From -10
//=> [-10, -12, -14, -16, -18]

// Also works with for..of loop
for (i of new Range(5, -2, 10)) console.log(i);
// 10 8 6 4 2

As Generators Only

const Range = function* (total = 0, step = 1, from = 0) {
  for (let i = 0; i < total; yield from + i++ * step) {}
};

Array.from(Range(5, -2, -10));
//=> [-10, -12, -14, -16, -18]

[...Range(5, -2, -10)]; // Five Elements With Step -2 From -10
//=> [-10, -12, -14, -16, -18]

// Also works with for..of loop
for (i of Range(5, -2, 10)) console.log(i);
// 10 8 6 4 2

// Lazy loaded way
const number0toInf = Range(Infinity);
number0toInf.next().value;
//=> 0
number0toInf.next().value;
//=> 1
// ...

From-To with steps/delta

using iterators

class Range2 {
  constructor(to = 0, step = 1, from = 0) {
    this[Symbol.iterator] = function* () {
      let i = 0,
        length = Math.floor((to - from) / step) + 1;
      while (i < length) yield from + i++ * step;
    };
  }
}
[...new Range2(5)]; // First 5 Whole Numbers
//=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

[...new Range2(5, 2)]; // From 0 to 5 with step 2
//=> [0, 2, 4]

[...new Range2(5, -2, 10)]; // From 10 to 5 with step -2
//=> [10, 8, 6]

using Generators

const Range2 = function* (to = 0, step = 1, from = 0) {
  let i = 0,
    length = Math.floor((to - from) / step) + 1;
  while (i < length) yield from + i++ * step;
};

[...Range2(5, -2, 10)]; // From 10 to 5 with step -2
//=> [10, 8, 6]

let even4to10 = Range2(10, 2, 4);
even4to10.next().value;
//=> 4
even4to10.next().value;
//=> 6
even4to10.next().value;
//=> 8
even4to10.next().value;
//=> 10
even4to10.next().value;
//=> undefined

For Typescript

interface _Iterable extends Iterable<{}> {
  length: number;
}

class _Array<T> extends Array<T> {
  static range(from: number, to: number, step: number): number[] {
    return Array.from(
      <_Iterable>{ length: Math.floor((to - from) / step) + 1 },
      (v, k) => from + k * step
    );
  }
}
_Array.range(0, 9, 1);
//=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];

Update

class _Array<T> extends Array<T> {
  static range(from: number, to: number, step: number): number[] {
    return [...Array(Math.floor((to - from) / step) + 1)].map(
      (v, k) => from + k * step
    );
  }
}
_Array.range(0, 9, 1);

Edit

class _Array<T> extends Array<T> {
  static range(from: number, to: number, step: number): number[] {
    return Array.from(Array(Math.floor((to - from) / step) + 1)).map(
      (v, k) => from + k * step
    );
  }
}
_Array.range(0, 9, 1);

For numbers 0 to 5

[...Array(5).keys()];
=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

A lot of these solutions build on instantiating real Array objects, which can get the job done for a lot of cases but can't support cases like range(Infinity). You could use a simple generator to avoid these problems and support infinite sequences:

function* range( start, end, step = 1 ){
  if( end === undefined ) [end, start] = [start, 0];
  for( let n = start; n < end; n += step ) yield n;
}

Examples:

Array.from(range(10));     // [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]
Array.from(range(10, 20)); // [ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ]

i = range(10, Infinity);
i.next(); // { value: 10, done: false }
i.next(); // { value: 11, done: false }
i.next(); // { value: 12, done: false }
i.next(); // { value: 13, done: false }
i.next(); // { value: 14, done: false }

So, in this case, it would be nice if Number object would behave like an Array object with the spread operator.

For instance Array object used with the spread operator:

let foo = [0,1,2,3];
console.log(...foo) // returns 0 1 2 3

It works like this because Array object has a built-in iterator.
In our case, we need a Number object to have a similar functionality:

[...3] //should return [0,1,2,3]

To do that we can simply create Number iterator for that purpose.

Number.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = function *() {
   for(let i = 0; i <= this; i++)
       yield i;
}

Now it is possible to create ranges from 0 to N with the spread operator.

[...N] // now returns 0 ... N array

http://jsfiddle.net/01e4xdv5/4/

Cheers.

You can use a generator function, which creates the range lazily only when needed:

function* range(x, y) {
  while (true) {
    if (x <= y)
      yield x++;

    else
      return null;
  }
}

const infiniteRange = x =>
  range(x, Infinity);
  
console.log(
  Array.from(range(1, 10)) // [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
);

console.log(
  infiniteRange(1000000).next()
);

You can use a higher order generator function to map over the range generator:

function* range(x, y) {
  while (true) {
    if (x <= y)
      yield x++;

    else
      return null;
  }
}

const genMap = f => gx => function* (...args) {
  for (const x of gx(...args))
    yield f(x);
};

const dbl = n => n * 2;

console.log(
  Array.from(
    genMap(dbl) (range) (1, 10)) // [2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20]
);

If you are fearless you can even generalize the generator approach to address a much wider range (pun intended):

const rangeBy = (p, f) => function* rangeBy(x) {
  while (true) {
    if (p(x)) {
      yield x;
      x = f(x);
    }

    else
      return null;
  }
};

const lte = y => x => x <= y;

const inc = n => n + 1;

const dbl = n => n * 2;

console.log(
  Array.from(rangeBy(lte(10), inc) (1)) // [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
);

console.log(
  Array.from(rangeBy(lte(256), dbl) (2)) // [2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256]
);

Keep in mind that generators/iterators are inherently stateful that is, there is an implicit state change with each invocation of next. State is a mixed blessing.