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I'm trying to duplicate the behavior of the standard length/2 predicate. In particular, I want my predicate to work for bounded and unbounded arguments, like in the example below:
% Case 1
?- length(X, Y).
X = [],
Y = 0 ;
X = [_G4326],
Y = 1 ;
X = [_G4326, _G4329],
Y = 2 ;
X = [_G4326, _G4329, _G4332],
Y = 3 .
% Case 2
?- length([a,b,c], X).
X = 3.
% Case 3
?- length(X, 4).
X = [_G4314, _G4317, _G4320, _G4323].
% Case 4
?- length([a,b,c,d,e], 5).
true.
The plain&simple implementation:
my_length([], 0).
my_length([_|T], N) :- my_length(T, X), N is 1+X.
has some problems. In Case 3, after producing the correct answer, it goes into an infinite loop. Could this predicate be transformed into a deterministic one? Or non-deterministic that halts with false?
YES! But using red cut. See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/15123016/1545971
After some time, I've managed to code a set of predicates, that mimic the behavior of the build-in length/2. my_len_tail is deterministic and works correct in all Cases 1-4. Could it be done simpler?
my_len_tail(List, Len) :- var(Len)->my_len_tailv(List, 0, Len);
my_len_tailnv(List, 0, Len).
my_len_tailv([], Acc, Acc).
my_len_tailv([_|T], Acc, Len) :-
M is Acc+1,
my_len_tailv(T, M, Len).
my_len_tailnv([], Acc, Acc) :- !. % green!
my_len_tailnv([_|T], Acc, Len) :-
Acc<Len,
M is Acc+1,
my_len_tailnv(T, M, Len).
As @DanielLyons suggested in the comments, one can use clpfd to defer less than check. But it still leaves one problem: in Case 3 (my_len_clp(X, 3)) the predicate is nondeterministic. How it could be fixed?
:-use_module(library(clpfd)).
my_len_clp(List, Len) :- my_len_clp(List, 0, Len).
my_len_clp([], Acc, Acc).
my_len_clp([_|T], Acc, Len) :-
Acc#<Len,
M is Acc+1,
my_len_clp(T, M, Len).
It can be fixed using zcompare/3 from the CLP(FD) library. See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/15123146/1545971
649
Length Calculation If the list is not empty, then L = [Head|Tail], then its length is 1 + length of Tail.
print(Term) :- write_term(Term, [ portray(true), numbervars(true), quoted(true) ]). The print/1 predicate is used primarily through the ~p escape sequence of format/2, which is commonly used in the recipes used by print_message/2 to emit messages.
In Prolog list elements are enclosed by brackets and separated by commas. Another way to represent a list is to use the head/tail notation [H|T]. Here the head of the list, H, is separated from the tail of the list, T, by a vertical bar. The tail of a list is the original list with its first element removed.
Syntax of Prolog not equalValue1 =\= Value2. Explanation: The “=\=” sign is used to determine not equal values. This operator is mostly used for numerical values and arithmetic operations.
In SWI-Prolog, the nondeterminism issue can be solved with CLP(FD)'s zcompare/3, which reifies the inequality to a term that can be used for indexing:
:- use_module(library(clpfd)).
my_length(Ls, L) :-
zcompare(C, 0, L),
my_length(Ls, C, 0, L).
my_length([], =, L, L).
my_length([_|Ls], <, L0, L) :-
L1 #= L0 + 1,
zcompare(C, L1, L),
my_length(Ls, C, L1, L).
Your example is now deterministic (since recent versions of SWI-Prolog perform just-in-time indexing):
?- my_length(Ls, 3).
Ls = [_G356, _G420, _G484].
All serious Prolog implementations ship with CLP(FD), and it makes perfect sense to use it here. Ask your vendor to also implement zcompare/3 or a better alternative if it is not already available.
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