How to download a file over http with authorization in python 3.0, working around bugs?

Question

I have a script that I'd like to continue using, but it looks like I either have to find some workaround for a bug in Python 3, or downgrade back to 2.6, and thus having to downgrade other scripts as well...

Hopefully someone here have already managed to find a workaround.

The problem is that due to the new changes in Python 3.0 regarding bytes and strings, not all the library code is apparently tested.

I have a script that downloades a page from a web server. This script passed a username and password as part of the url in python 2.6, but in Python 3.0, this doesn't work any more.

For instance, this:

import urllib.request;
url = "http://username:password@server/file";
urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, "temp.dat");

fails with this exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Temp\test.py", line 5, in <module>
    urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, "test.html");
  File "C:\Python30\lib\urllib\request.py", line 134, in urlretrieve
    return _urlopener.retrieve(url, filename, reporthook, data)
  File "C:\Python30\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1476, in retrieve
    fp = self.open(url, data)
  File "C:\Python30\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1444, in open
    return getattr(self, name)(url)
  File "C:\Python30\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1618, in open_http
    return self._open_generic_http(http.client.HTTPConnection, url, data)
  File "C:\Python30\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1576, in _open_generic_http
    auth = base64.b64encode(user_passwd).strip()
  File "C:\Python30\lib\base64.py", line 56, in b64encode
    raise TypeError("expected bytes, not %s" % s.__class__.__name__)
TypeError: expected bytes, not str

Apparently, base64-encoding now needs bytes in and outputs a string, and thus urlretrieve (or some code therein) which builds up a string of username:password, and tries to base64-encode this for simple authorization, fails.

If I instead try to use urlopen, like this:

import urllib.request;
url = "http://username:password@server/file";
f = urllib.request.urlopen(url);
contents = f.read();

Then it fails with this exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Temp\test.py", line 5, in <module>
    f = urllib.request.urlopen(url);
  File "C:\Python30\lib\urllib\request.py", line 122, in urlopen
    return _opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "C:\Python30\lib\urllib\request.py", line 359, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
  File "C:\Python30\lib\urllib\request.py", line 377, in _open
    '_open', req)
  File "C:\Python30\lib\urllib\request.py", line 337, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "C:\Python30\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1082, in http_open
    return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPConnection, req)
  File "C:\Python30\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1051, in do_open
    h = http_class(host, timeout=req.timeout) # will parse host:port
  File "C:\Python30\lib\http\client.py", line 620, in __init__
    self._set_hostport(host, port)
  File "C:\Python30\lib\http\client.py", line 632, in _set_hostport
    raise InvalidURL("nonnumeric port: '%s'" % host[i+1:])
http.client.InvalidURL: nonnumeric port: 'password@server'

Apparently the url parsing in this "next gen url retrieval library" doesn't know what to do with username and passwords in the url.

What other choices do I have?

Answer 1

Direct from the Py3k docs: http://docs.python.org/dev/py3k/library/urllib.request.html#examples

import urllib.request
# Create an OpenerDirector with support for Basic HTTP Authentication...
auth_handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler()
auth_handler.add_password(realm='PDQ Application',
                          uri='https://mahler:8092/site-updates.py',
                          user='klem',
                          passwd='kadidd!ehopper')
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(auth_handler)
# ...and install it globally so it can be used with urlopen.
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.example.com/login.html')