As with any other object, you can create String objects by using the new keyword and a constructor. The String class has 11 constructors that allow you to provide the initial value of the string using different sources, such as an array of characters.
In Python, __repr__ is a special method used to represent a class's objects as a string. __repr__ is called by the repr() built-in function. You can define your own string representation of your class objects using the __repr__ method. Special methods are a set of predefined methods used to enrich your classes.
Python actually has two different string representations for all objects. One string representation is the human-readable one and the other is the programmer-readable one. The __repr__ method specifies the programmer-readable string representation. If you want just one string representation, this is the one to specify.
A String is represented as objects in Java. Accordingly, an object contains values stored in instance variables within the object. An object also contains bodies of code that operate upon the object. These bodies of code are called methods.
Implement __str__()
or __repr__()
in the class's metaclass.
class MC(type):
def __repr__(self):
return 'Wahaha!'
class C(object):
__metaclass__ = MC
print(C)
Use __str__
if you mean a readable stringification, use __repr__
for unambiguous representations.
class foo(object):
def __str__(self):
return "representation"
def __unicode__(self):
return u"representation"
If you have to choose between __repr__
or __str__
go for the first one, as by default implementation __str__
calls __repr__
when it wasn't defined.
Custom Vector3 example:
class Vector3(object):
def __init__(self, args):
self.x = args[0]
self.y = args[1]
self.z = args[2]
def __repr__(self):
return "Vector3([{0},{1},{2}])".format(self.x, self.y, self.z)
def __str__(self):
return "x: {0}, y: {1}, z: {2}".format(self.x, self.y, self.z)
In this example, repr
returns again a string that can be directly consumed/executed, whereas str
is more useful as a debug output.
v = Vector3([1,2,3])
print repr(v) #Vector3([1,2,3])
print str(v) #x:1, y:2, z:3
Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams' approved answer is quite right. It is, however, from the Python 2 generation. An update for the now-current Python 3 would be:
class MC(type):
def __repr__(self):
return 'Wahaha!'
class C(object, metaclass=MC):
pass
print(C)
If you want code that runs across both Python 2 and Python 3, the six module has you covered:
from __future__ import print_function
from six import with_metaclass
class MC(type):
def __repr__(self):
return 'Wahaha!'
class C(with_metaclass(MC)):
pass
print(C)
Finally, if you have one class that you want to have a custom static repr, the class-based approach above works great. But if you have several, you'd have to generate a metaclass similar to MC
for each, and that can get tiresome. In that case, taking your metaprogramming one step further and creating a metaclass factory makes things a bit cleaner:
from __future__ import print_function
from six import with_metaclass
def custom_class_repr(name):
"""
Factory that returns custom metaclass with a class ``__repr__`` that
returns ``name``.
"""
return type('whatever', (type,), {'__repr__': lambda self: name})
class C(with_metaclass(custom_class_repr('Wahaha!'))): pass
class D(with_metaclass(custom_class_repr('Booyah!'))): pass
class E(with_metaclass(custom_class_repr('Gotcha!'))): pass
print(C, D, E)
prints:
Wahaha! Booyah! Gotcha!
Metaprogramming isn't something you generally need everyday—but when you need it, it really hits the spot!
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