I'm using msysgit running on Windows XP.
Tried Ctrl+V, Right click, Middle click, google... no luck.
If you highlight text in the terminal window with your mouse and hit Ctrl+Shift+C you'll copy that text into a clipboard buffer. You can use Ctrl+Shift+V to paste the copied text into the same terminal window, or into another terminal window.
Similarly, you can use Ctrl+shift+C to copy text from the terminal and then use it to paste in a text editor or web browser using the regular Ctrl+V shortcut. Basically, when you are interacting with the Linux terminal, you use the Ctrl+Shift+C/V for copy-pasting.
Press Insert.
Also, to copy from the window, try clicking the console's window icon (topleft) and choosing Edit -> Mark, then drag a box on the text, then press Enter. (You can also paste via the window icon menu, but the key is faster.)
UPDATE
Starting from Windows 10 the CTRL + C, CTRL + V and a lot of other feature are implemented in conhost.exe so they should work with every console utility on Windows. (You have to enable Properties -> Option tab -> Quick Edit Mode)
Ref: http://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2014/10/07/console-improvements-in-the-windows-10-technical-preview/
Aside from using the edit menu commands, you can directly paste into the git bash window using the keyboard shortcut, Insert.
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