How do I check whether the remote repository has changed and I need to pull?
Now I use this simple script:
git pull --dry-run | grep -q -v 'Already up-to-date.' && changed=1
But it is rather heavy.
Is there a better way? The ideal solution would check all the remote branches, and return names of the changed branches and the number of new commits in each one.
"pull" is just a short way to do "fetch" and "merge" at once, if you need to check the remote repo status you are really simulating a "fetch". So git fetch -v --dry-run is what you need.
it makes it easy to accidentally reintroduce commits that were intentionally rebased out upstream. it modifies your working directory in unpredictable ways. pausing what you are doing to review someone else's work is annoying with git pull. it makes it hard to correctly rebase onto the remote branch.
To check if you're up-to-date with GitHub run git fetch origin before git status and you'll know you're up-to-date. At least you were a few seconds ago! You're only as up-to-date as your last fetch.
I definitely suggest a daily master pull. It gives you a nice visual of all of the changes that have been made, and if you see a storm of +/-'s on files you're working on, then you better merge down since it's probably a refactor. If it's a small amount of changes on your files, just leave it alone.
First use git remote update
, to bring your remote refs up to date. Then you can do one of several things, such as:
git status -uno
will tell you whether the branch you are tracking is ahead, behind or has diverged. If it says nothing, the local and remote are the same.
git show-branch *master
will show you the commits in all of the branches whose names end in 'master' (eg master and origin/master).
If you use -v
with git remote update
(git remote -v update
) you can see which branches got updated, so you don't really need any further commands.
However, it looks like you want to do this in a script or program and end up with a true/false value. If so, there are ways to check the relationship between your current HEAD commit and the head of the branch you're tracking, although since there are four possible outcomes you can't reduce it to a yes/no answer. However, if you're prepared to do a pull --rebase
then you can treat "local is behind" and "local has diverged" as "need to pull", and the other two as "don't need to pull".
You can get the commit id of any ref using git rev-parse <ref>
, so you can do this for master and origin/master and compare them. If they're equal, the branches are the same. If they're unequal, you want to know which is ahead of the other. Using git merge-base master origin/master
will tell you the common ancestor of both branches, and if they haven't diverged this will be the same as one or the other. If you get three different ids, the branches have diverged.
To do this properly, eg in a script, you need to be able to refer to the current branch, and the remote branch it's tracking. The bash prompt-setting function in /etc/bash_completion.d
has some useful code for getting branch names. However, you probably don't actually need to get the names. Git has some neat shorthands for referring to branches and commits (as documented in git rev-parse --help
). In particular, you can use @
for the current branch (assuming you're not in a detached-head state) and @{u}
for its upstream branch (eg origin/master
). So git merge-base @ @{u}
will return the (hash of the) commit at which the current branch and its upstream diverge and git rev-parse @
and git rev-parse @{u}
will give you the hashes of the two tips. This can be summarized in the following script:
#!/bin/sh UPSTREAM=${1:-'@{u}'} LOCAL=$(git rev-parse @) REMOTE=$(git rev-parse "$UPSTREAM") BASE=$(git merge-base @ "$UPSTREAM") if [ $LOCAL = $REMOTE ]; then echo "Up-to-date" elif [ $LOCAL = $BASE ]; then echo "Need to pull" elif [ $REMOTE = $BASE ]; then echo "Need to push" else echo "Diverged" fi
Note: older versions of git didn't allow @
on its own, so you may have to use @{0}
instead.
The line UPSTREAM=${1:-'@{u}'}
allows you optionally to pass an upstream branch explicitly, in case you want to check against a different remote branch than the one configured for the current branch. This would typically be of the form remotename/branchname. If no parameter is given, the value defaults to @{u}
.
The script assumes that you've done a git fetch
or git remote update
first, to bring the tracking branches up to date. I didn't build this into the script because it's more flexible to be able to do the fetching and the comparing as separate operations, for example if you want to compare without fetching because you already fetched recently.
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