How do you build a web based email client using PHP?

Question

I would like to learn how to build a web-based email client in PHP (similar to yahoo and gmail).

Does anyone know how I can get started with this?

I would like my system to be able to send and receive email.

Answer 1

Most obvious answer would be "don't": there are already lots of webmail software, some of which are PHP-based (if you depend on using PHP, because you already have a server based on a LAMP stack, for instance).

To quote only a few names, all PHP-based, you could have a look at these ones:

• SquirrelMail: a quite old-one, and not really sexy... But has been doing the job for years
• Horde IMP: well-know too, and quite powerful
• roundcube: maybe the most "sexy" and "web 2.0" of the list of those I tried
• AtMail: I've never used this one, so I can't say much more...

I've used the three firsts of the list for quite some time ; roundcube was definitely the most "user-friendly", I'd say...

(Googling a bit, you might find many more -- but I think I spoke about the ones that are the most used)

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Now, if you have to set up a Webmail, say, for you company: definitely use some already existing software:

• an existing software would be quite "good" already:
  • many people using it, which means many people who said "this could be done better", or "that is not user-friendly", or... you get the point ; all this made the existing software better :-)
  • many people will have tried to break such an application -- which means lots of security-fixes, which means an application probably more secure than you'll write in a long time...
• an existing open-source application will represent hundreds of days of work
  • are you really ready to spend that kind of amount of time working on something that already exists?
  • if you're working for a company: is your company ready to pay your for one year? or even probably more ? working on something that already exists?
  • you don't believe me? Read this blog-post: Code: It's Trivial ; it's about Stack Overflow, but it would be exactly the same for a webmail software (except that Stack Overflow is more recent -- and probably had less code-contributors ; but that's just a wild guess ^^ )

As a sidenote: if your company wants you to build a clone of gmail, you won't (same thing: how many people worked on gmail? How many programmers does your company have? How much can your company spend on this? )...
And for just a couple dollars each year, your company could have a "professionnal" Google account for each one of it's employes, BTW...

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After all this, if you still want to / have to write a custom hand-made webmail using a LA*(M)*P stack, you will need to know at least the following:

• How to programm in PHP
• The basics of IMAP (even if you use a library / framework, such a big application will require you to know some stuff about the underlying protocols, or won't ever understand "why" or "how" something went wrong)
• HTML / CSS / JavaScript (with some knowledge of AJAX -- come on, it's 2009 !)
• So your application is easier to maintain (and adding/reworking/modifying stuff and correcting bugs is possible), you will probably want to use some Framework, and follow some design patterns and best practices
  • As an example, you can take a look at Frameworks like symfony, or Zend Framework
  • Yes, you can develop and application without a Framework, and/or without MVC... But.. ergh...

Considering all this is not a problem (If you are not quite good at all this already, and/or don't have much experience, it could take at least a couple of years to acquire that... Considering programming and web-developping is your full-time activity), you can start tkinking about accessing a mail server using, for instance, IMAP.

There are several possibilities here.
I would have a look, at least, before choosing, at these two:

• PHP IMAP extension
• Zend_Mail ; maybe it can be used outside of the Zend Framework, BTW

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Once your application is quite done, you will (hopefully !) start getting users, which means at least three things:

• Bug-reports ; those are almost always urgent for users -- like "OMG I don't understand nothing works anymore, I gotta get my mail RIGHT NOW!"
• Requests for evolutions: users always want more stuff like "I saw that in gmail on my personnal account ; how is it we don't have that too with our corporate account? It's the tool we use to work !"
• "This is too slow, I can't work !" ; then, pray you thought about scalability and optimization when you designed/developped the application!

Here, again, are you ready to deal with that?

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Well, I think I said enough ; now, it's your time to think: do you really want/need to develop such an application from scratch?

If you have a bit of free time, maybe you could participate in an already existing, open-source, project ? That could be profitable to every one ;-)

Finally, one last thing: **if you want to work on such a project just for fun, to know what it's like, and to learn more about web-development, then DO !**
*(It's, in my opinion, probably the only reason that would justify working on this, BTW)*

Answer 2

1. Learn the web stack: HTML, javascript, php, mysql...
2. Write a few small projects
3. Get hired somewhere to learn from more experienced people
4. Learn OOP, design patterns, best practices etc
5. Apply what you learned for a few years

If you pass point 5, you'll know how to build one.

Answer 3

You can build a simple one quite easily using the PHP IMAP functions but if you have to ask then it might be a bit complicated for you.

Have you considered using a pre-built one:

• Horde
• SquirrelMail

Answer 4

Thats a HUGE question!

Your main options are
1. Directly integrating your code with an existing mail server
2. Using IMAP and SMTP to talk to an existing mail server

Number 2 is the most straightforward because you can change mail servers if you ever need to.

and yes there's a lot more to consider as you go