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I'm trying to learn this basic thing about processors that should be taught in every CS department of every university. Yet i can't find it on the net (Google doesn't help) and i can't find it in my class materials either.
Do you know any good resource on how addressing modes work on a physical level? I'm particularly interested in Intel processors.
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Addressing Modes– The term addressing modes refers to the way in which the operand of an instruction is specified. The addressing mode specifies a rule for interpreting or modifying the address field of the instruction before the operand is actually executed.
Explanation: The relative addressing mode is used for this since it directly updates the PC.
The address for a load or store is formed from two parts: a value from a base register, and an offset. The base register can be any one of the ARM core registers R0-R12, SP, or LR. For loads, the base register can be the PC.
Relative Address Mode: In this mode, the Effective Address (EA) of the operand is calculated by adding the content of the CPU register and the address part of the instruction word.
You might want to take a look into the book "Modern Operating Systems" from Tanenbaum.
If you are interested in the x86 architecture the Intel Manuals might help (but they go really deep)
http://www.intel.com/products/processor/manuals/
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Start on the Wikipedia Virtual Memory page for a bit of background, then follow up with specific pages such as the MMU etc. as to satisfy your curiosity.
You will normally go in detail over all of the above concepts (and some more, such as pipelined and superscalar architectures, caches, etc.) in any decent Computer Architecture course, typically taught by the Faculty of (Electrical or Computer) Engineering.
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