How can GCC unroll a loop if its number of iterations is unknown at compile time?

Question

I was reading the optimization options for GCC when I found the option -funroll-all-loops.

Its description reads:

Unroll all loops, even if their number of iterations is uncertain when the loop is entered. This usually makes programs run more slowly. '-funroll-all-loops' implies the same options as '-funroll-loops'

How can the compiler unroll a loop if its number of iterations is unknown at compile time? Doesn't the compiler need this information to unroll it? What corresponding C code does it generate, and in what contexts could this be useful if it usually makes the programs run more slowly?

Answer 1

Here's some C code showing how to do it:

int iterations = 100;
int unrollValue = 8;

while (iterations%unrollvalue)
{
   // insert loop code here
   iterations--;
}

while (iterations)
{
   // insert unrollValue copies of loop code here
   iterations-= unrollValue;
}

The compiler will replace the first loop with a relative jump, but that's not easy to represent in C. Note that unrolling by a power of 2 allows the compiler to use a mask instead of the (expensive) divide operation.