How can a function access its own attributes?

Question

is it possible to access the python function object attributes from within the function scope?

e.g. let's have

def f():     return SOMETHING  f._x = "foo" f()           # -> "foo" 

now, what SOMETHING has to be, if we want to have the _x attribute content "foo" returned? if it's even possible (simply)

thanks

UPDATE:

i'd like the following work also:

g = f del f g()          # -> "foo" 

UPDATE 2:

Statement that it is not possible (if it is the case), and why, is more satisfying than providing a way how to fake it e.g. with a different object than a function

Answer 1

Solution

Make one of the function's default arguments be a reference to the function itself.

def f(self):     return self.x f.func_defaults = (f,) 

Example usage:

>>> f.x = 17 >>> b = f >>> del f >>> b() 17 

Explanation

The original poster wanted a solution that does not require a global name lookup. The simple solution

def f():     return f.x 

performs a lookup of the global variable f on each call, which does not meet the requirements. If f is deleted, then the function fails. The more complicated inspect proposal fails in the same way.

What we want is to perform early binding and store the bound reference within the object itself. The following is conceptually what we are doing:

def f(self=f):     return self.x 

In the above, self is a local variable, so no global lookup is performed. However, we can't write the code as-is, because f is not yet defined when we try to bind the default value of self to it. Instead, we set the default value after f is defined.

Decorator

Here's a simple decorator to do this for you. Note that the self argument must come last, unlike methods, where self comes first. This also means that you must give a default value if any of your other arguments take a default value.

def self_reference(f):     f.func_defaults = f.func_defaults[:-1] + (f,)     return f  @self_reference def foo(verb, adverb='swiftly', self=None):     return '%s %s %s' % (self.subject, verb, adverb) 

Example:

>>> foo.subject = 'Fred' >>> bar = foo >>> del foo >>> bar('runs') 'Fred runs swiftly' 

Answer 2

You could just use a class to do this

>>> class F(object): ...     def __call__(self, *args, **kw): ...         return self._x ...  >>> f=F() >>> f._x = "foo" >>> f() 'foo' >>> g=f >>> del f >>> g() 'foo'