Get diagonal without using numpy?

Question

I'm trying to get the diagonal from a matrix in Python without using numpy (I really can't use it). Does someone here knows how to do it?

Example of what I want to get:

get_diagonal ([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]], 1, 1, 1)
Result: [1, 6, 11]

Or like:

get_diagonal ([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]], 1, 2, 1)
Result: [2, 7, 12]

Until know I've tried a lot of stuff but doesn't work.

def obter_diagonal(matrix, line, column, direc):
    d = []
    if direc == 1:
        for i in matrix:
            for j in i:
                if all(i == line, j == column):
                    d.extend(matrix[i][j])
    else:
        for i in matrix:
            for j in i:
                d.extend[len(matrix)-1-i][j]
    return d

If direc==1 I need to get the diagonal that goes from left-> right, top-> bottom.
If direc==-1 need to get the diag that goes from right-> left, top->bottom.

Answer 1

For diagonal:

[m[i][i] for i in xrange(0, len(m))]

For counter-diagonal:

[m[i][~i] for i in xrange(0, len(m))]

Answer 2

To get the leading diagonal you could do

diag = [ mat[i][i] for i in range(len(mat)) ]

or even

diag = [ row[i] for i,row in enumerate(mat) ]

And play similar games for other diagonals. For example, for the counter-diagonal (top-right to bottom-left) you would do something like:

diag = [ row[-i-1] for i,row in enumerate(mat) ]

For other minor diagonals you would have to use if conditionals in the list comprehension, e.g.:

diag = [ row[i+offset] for i,row in enumerate(mat) if 0 <= i+offset < len(row)]

Answer 3

def get_diagonal(m, i0, j0, d):
    return [m[(i0 + i - 1)%len(m)][(j0 + d*i - 1)%len(m[0])]
                for i in range(len(m))]

Which gets the diagonals in forward or reverse directions:

m = [[1, 2, 3, 4],
     [5, 6, 7, 8],
     [9,10,11,12]]

print get_diagonal(m, 1, 1, 1)    # [1, 6, 11]
print get_diagonal(m, 1, 2, 1)    # [2, 7, 12]
print get_diagonal(m, 1, 4,-1)    # [4, 7, 10]

It even wraps around the matrix to get diagonals:

print get_diagonal(m, 1, 4, 1)    # [4, 5, 10]
print get_diagonal(m, 1, 1,-1)    # [1, 8, 11]
print get_diagonal(m, 3, 1, 1)    # [9, 2, 7 ]

Answer 4

Well, I have a solution that works for me.

Input :

First line contains an integer N

The next N lines denote the matrix's rows, with each line containing space-separated integers describing the columns.

Sample Input :

3
11 2 4
4 5 6
10 8 -12

Code :

import sys


n = int(input().strip())
a = []
for a_i in range(n):
    a_t = [int(a_temp) for a_temp in input().strip().split(' ')]
    a.append(a_t)

pri_d = [];
pri_m = 0;
sec_d = [];
sec_m = n - 1;
for i in a:
    pri_d.append(i[pri_m]);
    sec_d.append(i[sec_m]);
    pri_m = pri_m + 1;
    sec_m = sec_m - 1;
print(pri_d);
print(sec_d);

output :

[11, 5, -12]
[4, 5, 10]