function overloading vs function templates - C++

Question

In books on C++, why are we taught to use function overloading when we have templates at our disposal in C++?

Wouldn't it be better to show the effective (and correct) use of templates? As opposed to where function overloading is taught in most books on C++?

Or, are there good reasons to use one instead of the other?

Answer 1

Templates provide an advantage when you want to perform the same action on types that can be different. A simple example:

template <typename T> T foo(const T& a, const T& b) { return a + b; } 

You can use overloading when you want to apply different operations depending on the type:

struct Foo{ void foo() const {} };  void foo(int i) { std::cout << "i = " << i << "\n"; } void foo(const Foo& f) { f.foo(); } 

You could achieve the above using templates and template specializations, but such specializations should represent a few exceptions to the general case.