Format floats with standard json module

Question

Note: This does not work in any recent version of Python.

Unfortunately, I believe you have to do this by monkey-patching (which, to my opinion, indicates a design defect in the standard library json package). E.g., this code:

import json
from json import encoder
encoder.FLOAT_REPR = lambda o: format(o, '.2f')
    
print(json.dumps(23.67))
print(json.dumps([23.67, 23.97, 23.87]))

emits:

23.67
[23.67, 23.97, 23.87]

as you desire. Obviously, there should be an architected way to override FLOAT_REPR so that EVERY representation of a float is under your control if you wish it to be; but unfortunately that's not how the json package was designed:-(.

import simplejson
    
class PrettyFloat(float):
    def __repr__(self):
        return '%.15g' % self
    
def pretty_floats(obj):
    if isinstance(obj, float):
        return PrettyFloat(obj)
    elif isinstance(obj, dict):
        return dict((k, pretty_floats(v)) for k, v in obj.items())
    elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
        return list(map(pretty_floats, obj))
    return obj
    
print(simplejson.dumps(pretty_floats([23.67, 23.97, 23.87])))

emits

[23.67, 23.97, 23.87]

No monkeypatching necessary.

Really unfortunate that dumps doesn't allow you to do anything to floats. However loads does. So if you don't mind the extra CPU load, you could throw it through the encoder/decoder/encoder and get the right result:

>>> json.dumps(json.loads(json.dumps([.333333333333, .432432]), parse_float=lambda x: round(float(x), 3)))
'[0.333, 0.432]'

If you're using Python 2.7, a simple solution is to simply round your floats explicitly to the desired precision.

>>> sys.version
'2.7.1 (r271:86832, Nov 27 2010, 18:30:46) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)]'
>>> json.dumps(1.0/3.0)
'0.3333333333333333'
>>> json.dumps(round(1.0/3.0, 2))
'0.33'

This works because Python 2.7 made float rounding more consistent. Unfortunately this does not work in Python 2.6:

>>> sys.version
'2.6.6 (r266:84292, Dec 27 2010, 00:02:40) \n[GCC 4.4.5]'
>>> json.dumps(round(1.0/3.0, 2))
'0.33000000000000002'

The solutions mentioned above are workarounds for 2.6, but none are entirely adequate. Monkey patching json.encoder.FLOAT_REPR does not work if your Python runtime uses a C version of the JSON module. The PrettyFloat class in Tom Wuttke's answer works, but only if %g encoding works globally for your application. The %.15g is a bit magic, it works because float precision is 17 significant digits and %g does not print trailing zeroes.

I spent some time trying to make a PrettyFloat that allowed customization of precision for each number. Ie, a syntax like

>>> json.dumps(PrettyFloat(1.0 / 3.0, 4))
'0.3333'

It's not easy to get this right. Inheriting from float is awkward. Inheriting from Object and using a JSONEncoder subclass with its own default() method should work, except the json module seems to assume all custom types should be serialized as strings. Ie: you end up with the Javascript string "0.33" in the output, not the number 0.33. There may be a way yet to make this work, but it's harder than it looks.

Here's a solution that worked for me in Python 3 and does not require monkey patching:

import json

def round_floats(o):
    if isinstance(o, float): return round(o, 2)
    if isinstance(o, dict): return {k: round_floats(v) for k, v in o.items()}
    if isinstance(o, (list, tuple)): return [round_floats(x) for x in o]
    return o


json.dumps(round_floats([23.63437, 23.93437, 23.842347]))

Output is:

[23.63, 23.93, 23.84]

It copies the data but with rounded floats.

If you're stuck with Python 2.5 or earlier versions: The monkey-patch trick does not seem to work with the original simplejson module if the C speedups are installed:

$ python
Python 2.5.4 (r254:67916, Jan 20 2009, 11:06:13) 
[GCC 4.2.1 (SUSE Linux)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import simplejson
>>> simplejson.__version__
'2.0.9'
>>> simplejson._speedups
<module 'simplejson._speedups' from '/home/carlos/.python-eggs/simplejson-2.0.9-py2.5-linux-i686.egg-tmp/simplejson/_speedups.so'>
>>> simplejson.encoder.FLOAT_REPR = lambda f: ("%.2f" % f)
>>> simplejson.dumps([23.67, 23.97, 23.87])
'[23.670000000000002, 23.969999999999999, 23.870000000000001]'
>>> simplejson.encoder.c_make_encoder = None
>>> simplejson.dumps([23.67, 23.97, 23.87])
'[23.67, 23.97, 23.87]'
>>> 

You can do what you need to do, but it isn't documented:

>>> import json
>>> json.encoder.FLOAT_REPR = lambda f: ("%.2f" % f)
>>> json.dumps([23.67, 23.97, 23.87])
'[23.67, 23.97, 23.87]'