Entity Framework Core: many-to-many relationship with same entity

Question

I am trying to map many-to-many relationship with the same entity. The User entity has an IList<User> data field for Contacts, which stores users' contacts/friends information:

public class User : DomainModel {     public virtual IList<User> Contacts { get; protected set; }     //irrelevant code omitted } 

When I try to use fluent API to map this many to many relationship, it gives me some trouble. Apparently, when I use HasMany() on the user.Contacts property, it has no WithMany() method to call next. The intellisense from Visual Studio only shows WithOne(), but not WithMany().

modelBuilder.Entity<User>().HasMany(u => u.Contacts).WithMany()  // gives compile time error: CS1061 'CollectionNavigationBuilder<User, User>' does not contain a definition for 'WithMany' and no extension method 'WithMany' accepting a first argument of type  

So why does this happen? Is there anything I did wrong to map this many-to-many relationship?

Answer 1

So why does this happen? Is there anything I did wrong to map this many-to-many relationship?

No, you didn't do anything wrong. It's just not supported. Current status here.

Many-to-many relationships without an entity class to represent the join table are not yet supported. However, you can represent a many-to-many relationship by including an entity class for the join table and mapping two separate one-to-many relationships.

With EF-Core you should create the entity for the mapping table. Such as UserContacts. A complete example in the docs, as mentioned in the comments. I haven't actually tested the code below, but it should look something like this:

public class UserContacts {     public int UserId { get; set; }      public virtual User User { get; set; }      public int ContactId { get; set; } // In lack of better name.     public virtual User Contact { get; set; } }  public class User : DomainModel {     public List<UserContacts> Contacts { get; set; } } 

And your modelBuilder.

  modelBuilder.Entity<UserContacts>()         .HasOne(pt => pt.Contact)         .WithMany(p => p.Contacts)         .HasForeignKey(pt => pt.ContactId);      modelBuilder.Entity<UserContacts>()         .HasOne(pt => pt.User)         .WithMany(t => t.Contacts)         .HasForeignKey(pt => pt.UserId);