Empirically determine value category of C++11 expression?

Question

Each expression in C++11 has a value category. One of lvalue, xvalue or prvalue.

Is there a way to write a macro that, given any expression as an argument, will produce a string "lvalue", "xvalue" or "prvalue" as appropriate?

For example:

int main() {     int x;      cout << VALUE_CAT(x) << endl; // prints lvalue     cout << VALUE_CAT(move(x)) << endl; // prints xvalue     cout << VALUE_CAT(42) << endl; // prints prvalue } 

How could VALUE_CAT be implemented?

Answer 1

decltype can return the declared type of an entity (hence the name), but can also be used to query the type of an expression. However, in the latter case the resulting type is 'adjusted' according to the value category of that expression: an lvalue expression results in an lvalue reference type, an xvalue in an rvalue reference type, and a prvalue in just the type. We can use this to our benefit:

template<typename T> struct value_category {     // Or can be an integral or enum value     static constexpr auto value = "prvalue"; };  template<typename T> struct value_category<T&> {     static constexpr auto value = "lvalue"; };  template<typename T> struct value_category<T&&> {     static constexpr auto value = "xvalue"; };  // Double parens for ensuring we inspect an expression, // not an entity #define VALUE_CATEGORY(expr) value_category<decltype((expr))>::value