In C++, how do you handle wrong inputs? Like, if the program asks for an integer, when you type a character it should be able to do something and then loop to repeat the input but the loop goes infinite when you input a character when an integer is need and vice versa.
The thing to do is to clear that flag and discard the bad input from the input buffer. See the C++ FAQ for this, and other examples, including adding a minimum and/or maximum into the condition.
Input the data. Apply isdigit() function that checks whether a given input is numeric character or not. This function takes single argument as an integer and also returns the value of type int.
cin. fail() - This function returns true when an input failure occurs. In this case it would be an input that is not an integer. If the cin fails then the input buffer is kept in an error state.
The reason the program goes into an infinite loop is because std::cin
's bad input flag is set due to the input failing. The thing to do is to clear that flag and discard the bad input from the input buffer.
//executes loop if the input fails (e.g., no characters were read) while (std::cout << "Enter a number" && !(std::cin >> num)) { std::cin.clear(); //clear bad input flag std::cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<std::streamsize>::max(), '\n'); //discard input std::cout << "Invalid input; please re-enter.\n"; }
See the C++ FAQ for this, and other examples, including adding a minimum and/or maximum into the condition.
Another way would be to get the input as a string and convert it to an integer with std::stoi
or some other method that allows checking the conversion.
The top voted answer covers the solution really well.
In addition to that answer, this may help visualize what's going on a little better:
int main() int input = 1;//set to 1 for illustrative purposes bool cinState = false; string test = "\0"; while(input != -1){//enter -1 to exit cout << "Please input (a) character(s): ";//input a character here as a test cin >> input; //attempting to input a character to an int variable will cause cin to fail cout << "input: " << input << endl;//input has changed from 1 to 0 cinState = cin;//cin is in bad state, returns false cout << "cinState: " << cinState << endl; cin.clear();//bad state flag cleared cinState = cin;//cin now returns true and will input to a variable cout << "cinState: " << cinState << endl; cout << "Please enter character(s): "; cin >> test;//remaining text in buffer is dumped here. cin will not pause if there is any text left in the buffer. cout << "test: " << test << endl; } return 0; }
Dumping the text in the buffer to a variable isn't particularly useful, however it helps visualize why cin.ignore()
is necessary.
I noted the change to the input variable as well because if you're using an input variable in your condition for a while
loop, or a switch statement it may go into deadlock, or it may fulfill a condition you weren't expecting, which can be more confusing to debug.
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