dynamic, linq and Select()

Question

Considering the following (pointless, but it's for illustration purpose) test class :

public class Test
{
    public IEnumerable<string> ToEnumerableStrsWontCompile(IEnumerable<dynamic> t)
    {
        return t.Select(x => ToStr(x));
    }

    public IEnumerable<string> ToEnumerableStrsWillCompile(IEnumerable<dynamic> t)
    {
        var res = new List<string>();

        foreach (var d in t)
        {
            res.Add(ToStr(d));
        }

        return res;
    }

    public string ToStr(dynamic d)
    {
        return new string(d.GetType());
    }
}

Why doesn't it compile with the following error, on t.Select(x => ToStr(x)) ?

Cannot implicitly convert type 'System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<dynamic>' 
to 'System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<string>'. An explicit conversion 
exists (are you missing a cast?)

No error on the second method.

Answer 1

I believe what happens here is that since the expression ToStr(x) involves a dynamic variable, the whole expression's result type is also dynamic; that's why the compiler thinks that it has an IEnumerable<dynamic> where it expects an IEnumerable<string>.

public IEnumerable<string> ToEnumerableStrsWontCompile(IEnumerable<dynamic> t)
{
    return t.Select(x => ToStr(x));
}

There are two ways you can fix this.

Use an explicit cast:

public IEnumerable<string> ToEnumerableStrsWontCompile(IEnumerable<dynamic> t)
{
    return t.Select(x => (string)ToStr(x));
}

This tells the compiler that the result of the expression is definitely going to be a string, so we end up with an IEnumerable<string>.

Replace the lambda with a method group:

public IEnumerable<string> ToEnumerableStrsWontCompile(IEnumerable<dynamic> t)
{
    return t.Select(ToStr);
}

This way the compiler implicitly converts the method group expression to a lambda. Note that since there is no mention of the dynamic variable x in the expression, the type of its result can be immediately inferred to be string because there is only one method to consider, and its return type is string.