Do while loop in SQL Server 2008

Question

I am not sure about DO-WHILE IN MS SQL Server 2008 but you can change your WHILE loop logic, so as to USE like DO-WHILE loop.

Examples are taken from here: http://blog.sqlauthority.com/2007/10/24/sql-server-simple-example-of-while-loop-with-continue-and-break-keywords/

1. Example of WHILE Loop

   DECLARE @intFlag INT
   SET @intFlag = 1
   WHILE (@intFlag <=5)
   BEGIN
       PRINT @intFlag
       SET @intFlag = @intFlag + 1
   END
   GO
   

   ResultSet:

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   

2. Example of WHILE Loop with BREAK keyword

   DECLARE @intFlag INT
   SET @intFlag = 1
   WHILE (@intFlag <=5)
   BEGIN
       PRINT @intFlag
       SET @intFlag = @intFlag + 1
       IF @intFlag = 4
           BREAK;
   END
   GO
   

   ResultSet:

   1
   2
   3
   

3. Example of WHILE Loop with CONTINUE and BREAK keywords

   DECLARE @intFlag INT
   SET @intFlag = 1
   WHILE (@intFlag <=5)
   BEGIN
       PRINT @intFlag
       SET @intFlag = @intFlag + 1
       CONTINUE;
       IF @intFlag = 4 -- This will never executed
           BREAK;
   END
   GO
   

   ResultSet:

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   

But try to avoid loops at database level. Reference.

If you are not very offended by the GOTO keyword, it can be used to simulate a DO / WHILE in T-SQL. Consider the following rather nonsensical example written in pseudocode:

SET I=1
DO
 PRINT I
 SET I=I+1
WHILE I<=10

Here is the equivalent T-SQL code using goto:

DECLARE @I INT=1;
START:                -- DO
  PRINT @I;
  SET @I+=1;
IF @I<=10 GOTO START; -- WHILE @I<=10

Notice the one to one mapping between the GOTO enabled solution and the original DO / WHILE pseudocode. A similar implementation using a WHILE loop would look like:

DECLARE @I INT=1;
WHILE (1=1)              -- DO
 BEGIN
  PRINT @I;
  SET @I+=1;
  IF NOT (@I<=10) BREAK; -- WHILE @I<=10
 END

Now, you could of course rewrite this particular example as a simple WHILE loop, since this is not such a good candidate for a DO / WHILE construct. The emphasis was on example brevity rather than applicability, since legitimate cases requiring a DO / WHILE are rare.

---

REPEAT / UNTIL, anyone (does NOT work in T-SQL)?

SET I=1
REPEAT
  PRINT I
  SET I=I+1
UNTIL I>10

... and the GOTO based solution in T-SQL:

DECLARE @I INT=1;
START:                    -- REPEAT
  PRINT @I;
  SET @I+=1;
IF NOT(@I>10) GOTO START; -- UNTIL @I>10

Through creative use of GOTO and logic inversion via the NOT keyword, there is a very close relationship between the original pseudocode and the GOTO based solution. A similar solution using a WHILE loop looks like:

DECLARE @I INT=1;
WHILE (1=1)       -- REPEAT
 BEGIN
  PRINT @I;
  SET @I+=1;
  IF @I>10 BREAK; -- UNTIL @I>10
 END

An argument can be made that for the case of the REPEAT / UNTIL, the WHILE based solution is simpler, because the if condition is not inverted. On the other hand it is also more verbose.

If it wasn't for all of the disdain around the use of GOTO, these might even be idiomatic solutions for those few times when these particular (evil) looping constructs are necessary in T-SQL code for the sake of clarity.

Use these at your own discretion, trying not to suffer the wrath of your fellow developers when they catch you using the much maligned GOTO.

I seem to recall reading this article more than once, and the answer is only close to what I need.

Usually when I think I'm going to need a DO WHILE in T-SQL it's because I'm iterating a cursor, and I'm looking largely for optimal clarity (vs. optimal speed). In T-SQL that seems to fit a WHILE TRUE / IF BREAK.

If that's the scenario that brought you here, this snippet may save you a moment. Otherwise, welcome back, me. Now I can be certain I've been here more than once. :)

DECLARE Id INT, @Title VARCHAR(50)
DECLARE Iterator CURSOR FORWARD_ONLY FOR
SELECT Id, Title FROM dbo.SourceTable
OPEN Iterator
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
    FETCH NEXT FROM @InputTable INTO @Id, @Title
    IF @@FETCH_STATUS < 0 BREAK
    PRINT 'Do something with ' + @Title
END
CLOSE Iterator
DEALLOCATE Iterator

Unfortunately, T-SQL doesn't seem to offer a cleaner way to singly-define the loop operation, than this infinite loop.

You can also use an exit variable if you want your code to be a bit more readable:

DECLARE @Flag int = 0
DECLARE @Done bit = 0

WHILE @Done = 0 BEGIN
    SET @Flag = @Flag + 1
    PRINT @Flag
    IF @Flag >= 5 SET @Done = 1
END

This would probably be more relevant when you have a more complicated loop and are trying to keep track of the logic. As stated loops are expensive so try and use other methods if you can.

Only While Loop is officially supported by SQL server. Already there is answer for DO while loop. I am detailing answer on ways to achieve different types of loops in SQL server.

If you know, you need to complete first iteration of loop anyway, then you can try DO..WHILE or REPEAT..UNTIL version of SQL server.

DO..WHILE Loop

DECLARE @X INT=1;

WAY:  --> Here the  DO statement

  PRINT @X;

  SET @X += 1;

IF @X<=10 GOTO WAY;

REPEAT..UNTIL Loop

DECLARE @X INT = 1;

WAY:  -- Here the REPEAT statement

  PRINT @X;

  SET @X += 1;

IFNOT(@X > 10) GOTO WAY;

FOR Loop

DECLARE @cnt INT = 0;

WHILE @cnt < 10
BEGIN
   PRINT 'Inside FOR LOOP';
   SET @cnt = @cnt + 1;
END;

PRINT 'Done FOR LOOP';

Reference