What is difference between this and getContext(), when I say this I mean this within an Activity.
getApplicationContext() - Returns the context for all activities running in application. getBaseContext() - If you want to access Context from another context within application you can access. getContext() - Returns the context view only current running activity.
getContext() - Returns the context view only current running activity. getActivity()- Return the Activity this fragment is currently associated with. getActivity() can be used in a Fragment for getting the parent Activity of the Fragment .
This generally should only be used if you need a Context whose lifecycle is separate from the current context, that is tied to the lifetime of the process rather than the current component. Actually in general it is better to use getApplicationContext() since it will less likey lead to memory leaks.
getContext() returns a nullable Context . requireContext() returns a nonnull Context , or throws an exception when one isn't available.
In general there are two type of classes. Ones that extend ContextWrapper class (Activity, Service, Application) and those that do not extend it (like View).
If class extends ContextWrapper then you can use this as Context. Such classes normally do not have getContext() method. 
Those classes that do not extend ContextWrapper but still save and use Context normally expose getContext() function. And you cannot use this as Context in such cases.
And these two cases are mutually exclusive. At least I don't recall classes that extend ContextWrapper and have getContext at the same time. 
getContext() is not defined in an Activity. It's used in a View (or View subclass) to get a reference to the enclosing context (an Activity).
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