Difference between Statement and PreparedStatement

Question

Advantages of a PreparedStatement:

• Precompilation and DB-side caching of the SQL statement leads to overall faster execution and the ability to reuse the same SQL statement in batches.

• Automatic prevention of SQL injection attacks by builtin escaping of quotes and other special characters. Note that this requires that you use any of the PreparedStatement setXxx() methods to set the values

  preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO Person (name, email, birthdate, photo) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)");
  preparedStatement.setString(1, person.getName());
  preparedStatement.setString(2, person.getEmail());
  preparedStatement.setTimestamp(3, new Timestamp(person.getBirthdate().getTime()));
  preparedStatement.setBinaryStream(4, person.getPhoto());
  preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
  

  and thus don't inline the values in the SQL string by string-concatenating.

  preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO Person (name, email) VALUES ('" + person.getName() + "', '" + person.getEmail() + "'");
  preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
  

• Eases setting of non-standard Java objects in a SQL string, e.g. Date, Time, Timestamp, BigDecimal, InputStream (Blob) and Reader (Clob). On most of those types you can't "just" do a toString() as you would do in a simple Statement. You could even refactor it all to using PreparedStatement#setObject() inside a loop as demonstrated in the utility method below:

  public static void setValues(PreparedStatement preparedStatement, Object... values) throws SQLException {
      for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
          preparedStatement.setObject(i + 1, values[i]);
      }
  }
  

  Which can be used as below:

  preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO Person (name, email, birthdate, photo) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)");
  setValues(preparedStatement, person.getName(), person.getEmail(), new Timestamp(person.getBirthdate().getTime()), person.getPhoto());
  preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
  

1. They are pre-compiled (once), so faster for repeated execution of dynamic SQL (where parameters change)

2. Database statement caching boosts DB execution performance

   Databases store caches of execution plans for previously executed statements. This allows the database engine to reuse the plans for statements that have been executed previously. Because PreparedStatement uses parameters, each time it is executed it appears as the same SQL, the database can reuse the previous access plan, reducing processing. Statements "inline" the parameters into the SQL string and so do not appear as the same SQL to the DB, preventing cache usage.

3. Binary communications protocol means less bandwidth and faster comms calls to DB server

   Prepared statements are normally executed through a non-SQL binary protocol. This means that there is less data in the packets, so communications to the server is faster. As a rule of thumb network operations are an order of magnitude slower than disk operations which are an order of magnitude slower than in-memory CPU operations. Hence, any reduction in amount of data sent over the network will have a good effect on overall performance.

4. They protect against SQL injection, by escaping text for all the parameter values provided.

5. They provide stronger separation between the query code and the parameter values (compared to concatenated SQL strings), boosting readability and helping code maintainers quickly understand inputs and outputs of the query.

6. In java, can call getMetadata() and getParameterMetadata() to reflect on the result set fields and the parameter fields, respectively

7. In java, intelligently accepts java objects as parameter types via setObject, setBoolean, setByte, setDate, setDouble, setDouble, setFloat, setInt, setLong, setShort, setTime, setTimestamp - it converts into JDBC type format that is comprehendible to DB (not just toString() format).

8. In java, accepts SQL ARRAYs, as parameter type via setArray method

9. In java, accepts CLOBs, BLOBs, OutputStreams and Readers as parameter "feeds" via setClob/setNClob, setBlob, setBinaryStream, setCharacterStream/setAsciiStream/setNCharacterStream methods, respectively

10. In java, allows DB-specific values to be set for SQL DATALINK, SQL ROWID, SQL XML, and NULL via setURL, setRowId, setSQLXML ans setNull methods

11. In java, inherits all methods from Statement. It inherits the addBatch method, and additionally allows a set of parameter values to be added to match the set of batched SQL commands via addBatch method.

12. In java, a special type of PreparedStatement (the subclass CallableStatement) allows stored procedures to be executed - supporting high performance, encapsulation, procedural programming and SQL, DB administration/maintenance/tweaking of logic, and use of proprietary DB logic & features

PreparedStatement is a very good defense (but not foolproof) in preventing SQL injection attacks. Binding parameter values is a good way to guarding against "little Bobby Tables" making an unwanted visit.

Some of the benefits of PreparedStatement over Statement are:

1. PreparedStatement helps us in preventing SQL injection attacks because it automatically escapes the special characters.
2. PreparedStatement allows us to execute dynamic queries with parameter inputs.
3. PreparedStatement provides different types of setter methods to set the input parameters for the query.
4. PreparedStatement is faster than Statement. It becomes more visible when we reuse the PreparedStatement or use it’s batch processing methods for executing multiple queries.
5. PreparedStatement helps us in writing object Oriented code with setter methods whereas with Statement we have to use String Concatenation to create the query. If there are multiple parameters to set, writing Query using String concatenation looks very ugly and error prone.

Read more about SQL injection issue at http://www.journaldev.com/2489/jdbc-statement-vs-preparedstatement-sql-injection-example

nothing much to add,

1 - if you want to execute a query in a loop (more than 1 time), prepared statement can be faster, because of optimization that you mentioned.

2 - parameterized query is a good way to avoid SQL Injection. Parameterized querys are only available in PreparedStatement.

Statement is static and prepared statement is dynamic.

Statement is suitable for DDL and prepared statment for DML.

Statement is slower while prepared statement is faster.

more differences (archived)

Can't do CLOBs in a Statement.

And: (OraclePreparedStatement) ps