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What is the difference between Renderer and ElementRef? In Angular both are used for DOM Manipulation. I am currently using ElementRef alone for writing Angular 2 directives. If I get more info about Renderer, I can use that in my future directives.
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Angular ElementRef is a wrapper around a native element inside of a View. It's simply a class that wraps native DOM elements in the browser and allows you to work with the DOM by providing the nativeElement object which exposes all the methods and properties of the native elements.
The Renderer2 class is an abstraction provided by Angular in the form of a service that allows to manipulate elements of your app without having to touch the DOM directly.
The Renderer2 allows us to manipulate the DOM elements, without accessing the DOM directly. It provides a layer of abstraction between the DOM element and the component code. Using Renderer2 we can create an element, add a text node to it, append child element using the appendchild method., etc.
Permitting direct access to the DOM can make your application more vulnerable to XSS attacks. Alternatively, you take a look at Renderer which provides API that can safely be used even when direct access to native elements is not supported.
The Renderer is a class that is a partial abstraction over the DOM.
Using the Renderer for manipulating the DOM doesn't break server-side rendering or Web Workers (where direct access to the DOM would break).
ElementRef is a class that can hold a reference to a DOM element.
This is again an abstraction to not break in environments where the browsers DOM isn't actually available.
If ElementRef is injected to a component, the injected instance is a reference to the host element of the current component.
There are other ways to acquire an ElementRef instance like @ViewChild(), @ViewChildren(), @ContentChild(), @ContentChildren(). In this case ElementRef is a reference to the matching element(s) in the template or children.
Renderer and ElementRef are not "either this or that", but instead they have to be used together to get full platform abstraction.
Renderer acts on the DOM and ElementRef is a reference to an element in the DOM the Renderer acts on.
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Do notice that you should refrain from using ElementHref as it flagged with a security risk.
Angular 2 Documentation:
"Permitting direct access to the DOM can make your application more vulnerable to XSS attacks. Carefully review any use of ElementRef in your code. For more detail, see the Security Guide."
"Use this API as the last resort when direct access to DOM is needed. Use templating and data-binding provided by Angular instead. Alternatively you take a look at Renderer which provides API that can safely be used even when direct access to native elements is not supported."
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