Currying vs. anonymous function in Scala

Question

I was comparing two ways of defining a higher-order function in Scala:

def f1(elem: Int)(other: Int) = (elem == other)

def f2(elem: Int) = (other: Int) => (elem == other)

The first one uses currying while the second uses an anonymous function.

I am wondering what is the difference, if any, between the two approaches in terms of how Scala implements them and which version is preferable?

Answer 1

The implementations are quite different to the Scala compiler. The curried version compiles down to a Java method by un-currying the parameters:

def f1(elem: Int, other: Int): Boolean = elem.==(other);

The second version is a method that returns an anonymous function (a Function1), so their signatures are completely different. Though they can often be used interchangeably within Scala code, there is quite a bit more generated code in the second version:

  def f2(elem: Int): Function1 = (new <$anon: Function1>(elem): Function1);

  @SerialVersionUID(value = 0) final <synthetic> class anonfun$f2$1 extends scala.runtime.AbstractFunction1$mcZI$sp with Serializable {
    final def apply(other: Int): Boolean = anonfun$f2$1.this.apply$mcZI$sp(other);
    <specialized> def apply$mcZI$sp(other: Int): Boolean = anonfun$f2$1.this.elem$1.==(other);
    final <bridge> <artifact> def apply(v1: Object): Object = scala.Boolean.box(anonfun$f2$1.this.apply(scala.Int.unbox(v1)));
    <synthetic> <paramaccessor> private[this] val elem$1: Int = _;
    def <init>(elem$1: Int): <$anon: Function1> = {
      anonfun$f2$1.this.elem$1 = elem$1;
      anonfun$f2$1.super.<init>();
      ()
    }
  }

I would only consider using the second version in cases where I was explicitly looking to work with Function1 objects. However, I would personally lean towards using the curried version, because you can still get a Function1 back with partial application of the first. The curried version is just as powerful, but won't create Function1 objects when you don't need them.

scala> f1(1) _
res1: Int => Boolean = <function1>