Convert numbered pinyin to pinyin with tone marks

Question

Are there any scripts, libraries, or programs using Python, or BASH tools (e.g. awk, perl, sed) which can correctly convert numbered pinyin (e.g. dian4 nao3) to UTF-8 pinyin with tone marks (e.g. diàn​ nǎo)?

I have found the following examples, but they require PHP or C#:

• [PHP] Convert numbered to accentuated Pinyin?
• [C#] Any libraries to convert number Pinyin to Pinyin with tone markings?

I have also found various online tools, but they cannot handle a large number of conversions.

Answer 1

I've got some Python 3 code that does this, and it's small enough to just put directly in the answer here.

PinyinToneMark = {
    0: "aoeiuv\u00fc",
    1: "\u0101\u014d\u0113\u012b\u016b\u01d6\u01d6",
    2: "\u00e1\u00f3\u00e9\u00ed\u00fa\u01d8\u01d8",
    3: "\u01ce\u01d2\u011b\u01d0\u01d4\u01da\u01da",
    4: "\u00e0\u00f2\u00e8\u00ec\u00f9\u01dc\u01dc",
}

def decode_pinyin(s):
    s = s.lower()
    r = ""
    t = ""
    for c in s:
        if c >= 'a' and c <= 'z':
            t += c
        elif c == ':':
            assert t[-1] == 'u'
            t = t[:-1] + "\u00fc"
        else:
            if c >= '0' and c <= '5':
                tone = int(c) % 5
                if tone != 0:
                    m = re.search("[aoeiuv\u00fc]+", t)
                    if m is None:
                        t += c
                    elif len(m.group(0)) == 1:
                        t = t[:m.start(0)] + PinyinToneMark[tone][PinyinToneMark[0].index(m.group(0))] + t[m.end(0):]
                    else:
                        if 'a' in t:
                            t = t.replace("a", PinyinToneMark[tone][0])
                        elif 'o' in t:
                            t = t.replace("o", PinyinToneMark[tone][1])
                        elif 'e' in t:
                            t = t.replace("e", PinyinToneMark[tone][2])
                        elif t.endswith("ui"):
                            t = t.replace("i", PinyinToneMark[tone][3])
                        elif t.endswith("iu"):
                            t = t.replace("u", PinyinToneMark[tone][4])
                        else:
                            t += "!"
            r += t
            t = ""
    r += t
    return r

This handles ü, u:, and v, all of which I've encountered. Minor modifications will be needed for Python 2 compatibility.

Answer 2

The cjklib library does cover your needs:

Either use the Python shell:

>>> from cjklib.reading import ReadingFactory
>>> f = ReadingFactory()
>>> print f.convert('Bei3jing1', 'Pinyin', 'Pinyin', sourceOptions={'toneMarkType': 'numbers'})
Běijīng

Or just the command line:

$ cjknife -m Bei3jing1
Běijīng

Disclaimer: I developed that library.

Answer 3

I wrote another Python function that does this, which is case insensitive and preserves spaces, punctuation and other text (unless there are false positives, of course):

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re

pinyinToneMarks = {
    u'a': u'āáǎà', u'e': u'ēéěè', u'i': u'īíǐì',
    u'o': u'ōóǒò', u'u': u'ūúǔù', u'ü': u'ǖǘǚǜ',
    u'A': u'ĀÁǍÀ', u'E': u'ĒÉĚÈ', u'I': u'ĪÍǏÌ',
    u'O': u'ŌÓǑÒ', u'U': u'ŪÚǓÙ', u'Ü': u'ǕǗǙǛ'
}

def convertPinyinCallback(m):
    tone=int(m.group(3))%5
    r=m.group(1).replace(u'v', u'ü').replace(u'V', u'Ü')
    # for multple vowels, use first one if it is a/e/o, otherwise use second one
    pos=0
    if len(r)>1 and not r[0] in 'aeoAEO':
        pos=1
    if tone != 0:
        r=r[0:pos]+pinyinToneMarks[r[pos]][tone-1]+r[pos+1:]
    return r+m.group(2)

def convertPinyin(s):
    return re.sub(ur'([aeiouüvÜ]{1,3})(n?g?r?)([012345])', convertPinyinCallback, s, flags=re.IGNORECASE)

print convertPinyin(u'Ni3 hao3 ma0?')