Changing string to byte type in Python 2.7

Question

In python 3.2, i can change the type of an object easily. For example :

x=0
print(type (x))
x=bytes(0)
print(type (x))

it will give me this :

<class 'int'>
<class 'bytes'>

But, in python 2.7, it seems that i can't use the same way to do it. If i do the same code, it give me this :

<type 'int'>
<type 'str'>

What can i do to change the type into a bytes type?

Answer 1

You are not changing types, you are assigning a different value to a variable.

You are also hitting on one of the fundamental differences between python 2.x and 3.x; grossly simplified the 2.x type unicode has replaced the str type, which itself has been renamed to bytes. It happens to work in your code as more recent versions of Python 2 have added bytes as an alias for str to ease writing code that works under both versions.

In other words, your code is working as expected.

Answer 2

May be not exactly what you need, but when I needed to get the decimal value of the byte d8 (it was a byte giving an offset in a file) i did:

a = (data[-1:])          # the variable 'data' holds 60 bytes from a PE file, I needed the last byte
                         #so now a == '\xd8'  , a string
b = str(a.encode('hex')) # which makes b == 'd8' , again a string
c = '0x' + b             # c == '0xd8' , again a string
int_value = int(c,16)    # giving me my desired offset in decimal: 216

                         #I hope this can help someone stuck in my situation