Can we write an EOF character ourselves?

Question

Most of the languages like C++ when writing into a file, put an EOF character even if we miss to write statements like :

filestream.close

However is there any way, we can put the EOF character according to our requirement, in C++, for an instance. Or any other method we may use apart from using the functions provided in C++.

If you need to ask more of information then kindly do give a comment.

Thanks in advance.

EDIT: Thanks for your support but here's an addition to this question:

What if, we want to trick the OS and place an EOF character in a file and write some data after the EOF so that an application like notepad.exe is not able to read after our EOF character. I have read answers to the question related to this topic and have come to know that nowdays OS generally don't see for an EOF character rather check the length of file to get the correct idea of knowing about the length of the file but, there must be a procedure in OS which would be checking the length of file and then updating the file records.

I am sorry if I am wrong at any point in my estimation but please do help me coz it can lead to a lot of new ideas.

Answer 1

There is no EOF character. EOF by definition "is unequal to any valid character code". Often it is -1. It is not written into the file at any point.

There is a historical EOF character value (CTRL+Z) in DOS, but it is obsolete these days.

To answer the follow-up question of Apoorv: The OS never uses the file data to determine file length (files are not 'null terminated' in any way). So you cannot trick the OS. Perhaps old, stupid programs won't read after CTRL+Z character. I wouldn't assume that any Windows application (even Notepad) would do that. My guess is that it would be easier to trick them with a null (\0) character.

Answer 2

Well, EOF is just a value returned by the function defined in the C stdio.h header file. Its actually returned to all the reading functions by the OS, so its system dependent. When OS reaches the end of file, it sends it to the function, which in its return value than places most commonly (-1), but not always. So, to summarize, EOF is not character, but constant returned by the OS. EDIT: Well, you need to know more about filesystem, look at this.

Hi, to your second question:

once again, you should look better into filesystems. FAT is a very nice example because you can find many articles about it, and its principles are very similar to NTFS. Anyway, once again, EOF is NOT a character. You cannot place it in file directly. If you could do so, imagine the consequences, even "dumb" image file could not be read by the system.

Why? Because OS works like very complex structure of layers. One of the layers is the filesystem driver. It makes sure that it transfers data from every filesystem known to the driver. It provides a bridge between applications and the actual system of storing files into HDD.

To be exact, FAT filesystem uses the so-called FAT table - it is a table located close to the start of the HDD (or partition) address space, and it contains map of all clusters (little storage cells). OK, so now, when you want to save some file to the HDD, OS (filesystem driver) looks into FAT table, and searches for the value "0x0". This "0x0" value says to the OS that cluster which address is described by the location of that value in FAT table is free to write.

So it writes into it the first part of the file. Then, it looks for another "0x0" value in FAT, and if found, it writes the second part of the file into cluster which it points to. Then, it changes the value of the first FAT table record where the file is located to the physical address of the next in our case second part of the file.

When your file is all stored on HDD, now there comes the final part, it writes desired EOF value, but into FAT table, not into the "data part" of the HDD. So when the file is read next time, it knows this is the end, don´t look any further.

So, now you see, if you would want to manually write EOF value into the place it doesn't belong to, you have to write your own driver which would be able to rewrite the FAT record, but this is practically impossible to do for beginners.