I'm not so sure what that would imply and my textbook is dancing around the answer.
It is preferable to cite the full text of a work, but abstracts can be used as sources and included in the reference list IF you indicate as such in the citation.
The abstract type is often used as a return type (because you don't want the caller to know what concrete type is returned: it could change later, or could vary based on the arguments of the configuration).
We cannot create objects of an abstract class. To implement features of an abstract class, we inherit subclasses from it and create objects of the subclass. A subclass must override all abstract methods of an abstract class. However, if the subclass is declared abstract, it's not mandatory to override abstract methods.
Yes, we can create a reference for the abstract class in C#.
Yes you can:
abstract class AbstractClass {
}
class DeclaredClass extends AbstractClass {
}
AbstractClass c = new DeclaredClass();
The above is perfectly valid.
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