Maximum Drawdown is a common risk metric used in quantitative finance to assess the largest negative return that has been experienced.
Recently, I became impatient with the time to calculate max drawdown using my looped approach.
def max_dd_loop(returns):
"""returns is assumed to be a pandas series"""
max_so_far = None
start, end = None, None
r = returns.add(1).cumprod()
for r_start in r.index:
for r_end in r.index:
if r_start < r_end:
current = r.ix[r_end] / r.ix[r_start] - 1
if (max_so_far is None) or (current < max_so_far):
max_so_far = current
start, end = r_start, r_end
return max_so_far, start, end
I'm familiar with the common perception that a vectorized solution would be better.
The questions are:
I modified Alexander's answer into the following function:
def max_dd(returns):
"""Assumes returns is a pandas Series"""
r = returns.add(1).cumprod()
dd = r.div(r.cummax()).sub(1)
mdd = dd.min()
end = dd.argmin()
start = r.loc[:end].argmax()
return mdd, start, end
The maximum drawdown is the maximum percentage loss of an investment during a period of time. It can be easily calculated as the maximum percentage difference between the rolling maximum of the price time series and the price itself.
The drawdown duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The max drawdown duration is the worst (the maximum/longest) amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs).
A maximum drawdown (MDD) is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio, before a new peak is attained. Maximum drawdown is an indicator of downside risk over a specified time period.
df_returns
is assumed to be a dataframe of returns, where each column is a seperate strategy/manager/security, and each row is a new date (e.g. monthly or daily).
cum_returns = (1 + df_returns).cumprod()
drawdown = 1 - cum_returns.div(cum_returns.cummax())
I had first suggested using .expanding()
window but that's obviously not necessary with the .cumprod()
and .cummax()
built ins to calculate max drawdown up to any given point:
df = pd.DataFrame(data={'returns': np.random.normal(0.001, 0.05, 1000)}, index=pd.date_range(start=date(2016,1,1), periods=1000, freq='D'))
df = pd.DataFrame(data={'returns': np.random.normal(0.001, 0.05, 1000)},
index=pd.date_range(start=date(2016, 1, 1), periods=1000, freq='D'))
df['cumulative_return'] = df.returns.add(1).cumprod().subtract(1)
df['max_drawdown'] = df.cumulative_return.add(1).div(df.cumulative_return.cummax().add(1)).subtract(1)
returns cumulative_return max_drawdown
2016-01-01 -0.014522 -0.014522 0.000000
2016-01-02 -0.022769 -0.036960 -0.022769
2016-01-03 0.026735 -0.011214 0.000000
2016-01-04 0.054129 0.042308 0.000000
2016-01-05 -0.017562 0.024004 -0.017562
2016-01-06 0.055254 0.080584 0.000000
2016-01-07 0.023135 0.105583 0.000000
2016-01-08 -0.072624 0.025291 -0.072624
2016-01-09 -0.055799 -0.031919 -0.124371
2016-01-10 0.129059 0.093020 -0.011363
2016-01-11 0.056123 0.154364 0.000000
2016-01-12 0.028213 0.186932 0.000000
2016-01-13 0.026914 0.218878 0.000000
2016-01-14 -0.009160 0.207713 -0.009160
2016-01-15 -0.017245 0.186886 -0.026247
2016-01-16 0.003357 0.190869 -0.022979
2016-01-17 -0.009284 0.179813 -0.032050
2016-01-18 -0.027361 0.147533 -0.058533
2016-01-19 -0.058118 0.080841 -0.113250
2016-01-20 -0.049893 0.026914 -0.157492
2016-01-21 -0.013382 0.013173 -0.168766
2016-01-22 -0.020350 -0.007445 -0.185681
2016-01-23 -0.085842 -0.092648 -0.255584
2016-01-24 0.022406 -0.072318 -0.238905
2016-01-25 0.044079 -0.031426 -0.205356
2016-01-26 0.045782 0.012917 -0.168976
2016-01-27 -0.018443 -0.005764 -0.184302
2016-01-28 0.021461 0.015573 -0.166797
2016-01-29 -0.062436 -0.047836 -0.218819
2016-01-30 -0.013274 -0.060475 -0.229189
... ... ... ...
2018-08-28 0.002124 0.559122 -0.478738
2018-08-29 -0.080303 0.433921 -0.520597
2018-08-30 -0.009798 0.419871 -0.525294
2018-08-31 -0.050365 0.348359 -0.549203
2018-09-01 0.080299 0.456631 -0.513004
2018-09-02 0.013601 0.476443 -0.506381
2018-09-03 -0.009678 0.462153 -0.511158
2018-09-04 -0.026805 0.422960 -0.524262
2018-09-05 0.040832 0.481062 -0.504836
2018-09-06 -0.035492 0.428496 -0.522411
2018-09-07 -0.011206 0.412489 -0.527762
2018-09-08 0.069765 0.511031 -0.494817
2018-09-09 0.049546 0.585896 -0.469787
2018-09-10 -0.060201 0.490423 -0.501707
2018-09-11 -0.018913 0.462235 -0.511131
2018-09-12 -0.094803 0.323611 -0.557477
2018-09-13 0.025736 0.357675 -0.546088
2018-09-14 -0.049468 0.290514 -0.568542
2018-09-15 0.018146 0.313932 -0.560713
2018-09-16 -0.034118 0.269104 -0.575700
2018-09-17 0.012191 0.284576 -0.570527
2018-09-18 -0.014888 0.265451 -0.576921
2018-09-19 0.041180 0.317562 -0.559499
2018-09-20 0.001988 0.320182 -0.558623
2018-09-21 -0.092268 0.198372 -0.599348
2018-09-22 -0.015386 0.179933 -0.605513
2018-09-23 -0.021231 0.154883 -0.613888
2018-09-24 -0.023536 0.127701 -0.622976
2018-09-25 0.030160 0.161712 -0.611605
2018-09-26 0.025528 0.191368 -0.601690
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