C++ Template specialization to provide extra member function?

Question

how do I provide extra member function for specialized template in a non-inline way? i.e.

template<typename T>
class sets
{
    void insert(const int& key, const T& val);
};
template<>
class sets<bool>
{
    void insert(const int& key, const bool& val);
    void insert(const int& key){ insert(key, true); };
};

But when I write sets<bool>::insert(const int& key) as

template<>
class sets<bool>
{
    void insert(const int& key, const bool& val);
    void insert(const int& key);
};
template<>
void sets<bool>::insert(const int& key)
{
    insert(key, true);
}

GCC complains:

template-id ‘insert<>’ for ‘void ip_set::insert(const int&)’ does not match any template declaration

Answer 1

Besides what Effo said, if you want to add additional functionality in specializations you should move common functionality into a base template class. E.g.:

template<typename T>
class Base
{
public:
    void insert(const int& key, const T& val) 
    { map_.insert(std::make_pair(key, val)); }
private:
    std::map<int, T> map_;
};

template<typename T>
class Wrapper : public Base<T> {};

template<>
class Wrapper<bool> : public Base<bool>
{
public:
    using Base<bool>::insert;
    void insert(const int& key);
};

void Wrapper<bool>::insert(const int& key)
{ insert(key, true); }