C++ printing boolean, what is displayed?

Question

I print a bool to an output stream like this:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::cout << false << std::endl;
}

Does the standard require a specific result on the stream (e.g. 0 for false)?

Answer 1

The standard streams have a boolalpha flag that determines what gets displayed -- when it's false, they'll display as 0 and 1. When it's true, they'll display as false and true.

There's also an std::boolalpha manipulator to set the flag, so this:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main() {
    std::cout<<false<<"\n";
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;   
    std::cout<<false<<"\n";
    return 0;
}

...produces output like:

0
false

For what it's worth, the actual word produced when boolalpha is set to true is localized--that is, <locale> has a num_put category that handles numeric conversions, so if you imbue a stream with the right locale, it can/will print out true and false as they're represented in that locale. For example,

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <locale>

int main() {
    std::cout.imbue(std::locale("fr"));

    std::cout << false << "\n";
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
    std::cout << false << "\n";
    return 0;
}

...and at least in theory (assuming your compiler/standard library accept "fr" as an identifier for "French") it might print out faux instead of false. I should add, however, that real support for this is uneven at best--even the Dinkumware/Microsoft library (usually quite good in this respect) prints false for every language I've checked.

The names that get used are defined in a numpunct facet though, so if you really want them to print out correctly for particular language, you can create a numpunct facet to do that. For example, one that (I believe) is at least reasonably accurate for French would look like this:

#include <array>
#include <string>
#include <locale>
#include <ios>
#include <iostream>

class my_fr : public std::numpunct< char > {
protected:
    char do_decimal_point() const { return ','; }
    char do_thousands_sep() const { return '.'; }
    std::string do_grouping() const { return "\3"; }
    std::string do_truename() const { return "vrai";  }
    std::string do_falsename() const { return "faux"; }
};

int main() {
    std::cout.imbue(std::locale(std::locale(), new my_fr));

    std::cout << false << "\n";
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
    std::cout << false << "\n";
    return 0;
}

And the result is (as you'd probably expect):

0
faux

Answer 2

0 will get printed.

As in C++ true refers to 1 and false refers to 0.

In case, you want to print false instead of 0,then you have to sets the boolalpha format flag for the str stream.

When the boolalpha format flag is set, bool values are inserted/extracted by their textual representation: either true or false, instead of integral values.

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
  std::cout << std::boolalpha << false << std::endl;
}

output:

false

IDEONE