C++ Operator () parenthesis overloading

Question

I recently asked a question about removing items from a vector. Well, the solution I got works, but I don't understand it - and I cannot find any documentation explaining it.

struct RemoveBlockedHost {
    RemoveBlockedHost(const std::string& s): blockedHost(s) {}

    // right here, I can find no documentation on overloading the () operator
    bool operator () (HostEntry& entry) { 
        return entry.getHost() == blockedHost || entry.getHost() == "www." + blockedHost;
    }
    const std::string& blockedHost;
};

to be used as:

hosts.erase(std::remove_if(hosts.begin(), hosts.end(), RemoveBlockedHost(blockedhost)), hosts.end());

I looked at std::remove_if's documentation, it says that it is possible to pass a class instead of a function only when the class overloads the () operator. No information whatsoever.

Does anyone know of links to:

A book containing examples/explainations

Or, a link to online documentation/tutorials

Help with this would be appreciated. I dislike adding code to my software unless I understand it. I know it works, and I am familiar (somewhat) with operator overloading, but I don't know what the () operator is for.

Answer 1

It's called a functor in C++

This answer has a good example etc

C++ Functors - and their uses

Answer 2

It's a functionoid, well actually a functor. But the FAQ explains it all:

Functionoids are functions on steroids. Functionoids are strictly more powerful than functions, and that extra power solves some (not all) of the challenges typically faced when you use function-pointers.

https://isocpp.org/wiki/faq/pointers-to-members#functionoids