Most web frameworks and "best practices" are not suitable for very high performance sites and the whitepapers from vendors out there ain't worth the paper they are printed on.
So where should someone look to find books, tutorials or other resources on this subject?
Scalability is being able to handle large amounts of users/data/traffic. Performance is about speed. While the speed of light may be constant, software system speed is far from. A useful analogy is checking out at the supermarket.
Scalability is the ability to handle larger amounts of work when the system is under heavy load by throwing more resources at the problem. This generally means improving performance by buying faster servers or adding more servers.
Scalability refers to the characteristic of a system to increase performance by adding additional resources. Very often people think that their system is scalable out-of-the-box. “If we need to serve more users, we just add additional server” is a typical answer for performance problems.
In simple terms, scalability is the ability of your web application to cope with an increasing number of users concurrently interacting with the app. Consequently, a scalable web application is one that performs equally well with one or a thousand users and stands ups and downs of the traffic.
Have a look at Cal Henderson's, 'Building Scalable Websites' by O'Reilly
http://www.amazon.com/Building-Scalable-Web-Sites-Applications/dp/0596102356
he's the guy behind Flickr.
Also have a look at highscalability.com, They have some of the architectures of the most loaded sites out there.
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