Autoload classes from different folders

Question

This is how I autoload all the classes in my controllers folder,

# auto load controller classes     function __autoload($class_name)      {         $filename = 'class_'.strtolower($class_name).'.php';         $file = AP_SITE.'controllers/'.$filename;          if (file_exists($file) == false)         {             return false;         }         include ($file);     } 

But I have classes in models folder as well and I want to autoload them too - what should I do? Should I duplicate the autoload above and just change the path to models/ (but isn't this repetitive??)?

Thanks.

EDIT:

these are my classes file names in the controller folder:

class_controller_base.php class_factory.php etc 

these are my classes file names in the model folder:

class_model_page.php class_model_parent.php etc 

this is how I name my controller classes class usually (I use underscores and lowcaps),

class controller_base  { ... }  class controller_factory { ... } 

this is how I name my model classes class usually (I use underscores and lowcaps),

class model_page      {     ...     }      class model_parent     {     ...     } 

Answer 1

I see you are using controller_***** and model_***** as a class naming convention.

I read a fantastic article, which suggests an alternative naming convention using php's namespace.

I love this solution because it doesn't matter where I put my classes. The __autoload will find it no matter where it is in my file structure. It also allows me to call my classes whatever I want. I don't need a class naming convention for my code to work.

You can, for example, set up your folder structure like:

• application/
  1. controllers/
     • Base.php
     • Factory.php
  2. models/
     • Page.php
     • Parent.php

Your classes can be set up like this:

<?php namespace application\controllers; class Base {...} 

and:

<?php namespace application\models; class Page {...} 

The autoloader could look like this (or see 'a note on autoloading' at the end):

function __autoload($className) {     $file = $className . '.php';     if(file_exists($file)) {         require_once $file;     } } 

Then... you can call classes in three ways:

$controller = new application\controllers\Base(); $model = new application\models\Page(); 

or,

<?php use application\controllers as Controller; use application\models as Model;  ...  $controller = new Controller\Base(); $model = new Model\Page(); 

or,

<?php use application\controllers\Base; use application\models\Page;  ...  $controller = new Base(); $model = new Page(); 

EDIT - a note on autoloading:

My main auto loader looks like this:

// autoload classes based on a 1:1 mapping from namespace to directory structure. spl_autoload_register(function ($className) {      # Usually I would just concatenate directly to $file variable below     # this is just for easy viewing on Stack Overflow)         $ds = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;         $dir = __DIR__;      // replace namespace separator with directory separator (prolly not required)         $className = str_replace('\\', $ds, $className);      // get full name of file containing the required class         $file = "{$dir}{$ds}{$className}.php";      // get file if it is readable         if (is_readable($file)) require_once $file; }); 

This autoloader is a direct 1:1 mapping of class name to directory structure; the namespace is the directory path and the class name is the file name. So the class application\controllers\Base() defined above would load the file www/application/controllers/Base.php.

I put the autoloader into a file, bootstrap.php, which is in my root directory. This can either be included directly, or php.ini can be modified to auto_prepend_file so that it is included automatically on every request.

By using spl_autoload_register you can register multiple autoload functions to load the class files any which way you want. Ie, you could put some or all of your classes in one directory, or you could put some or all of your namespaced classes in the one file. Very flexible :)

Answer 2

You should name your classes so the underscore (_) translates to the directory separator (/). A few PHP frameworks do this, such as Zend and Kohana.

So, you name your class Model_Article and place the file in classes/model/article.php and then your autoload does...

function __autoload($class_name)  {     $filename = str_replace('_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, strtolower($class_name)).'.php';      $file = AP_SITE.$filename;      if ( ! file_exists($file))     {         return FALSE;     }     include $file; } 

Also note you can use spl_autoload_register() to make any function an autoloading function. It is also more flexible, allowing you to define multiple autoload type functions.

If there must be multiple autoload functions, spl_autoload_register() allows for this. It effectively creates a queue of autoload functions, and runs through each of them in the order they are defined. By contrast, __autoload() may only be defined once.

Edit

Note : __autoload has been DEPRECATED as of PHP 7.2.0. Relying on this feature is highly discouraged. Please refer to PHP documentation for more details. http://php.net/manual/en/function.autoload.php