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For learning purposes I'd like to study an open source expert system, in particular one that can reason and explain it's reasoning. Which ones do you know?
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The inference engine is known as the brain of the expert system as it is the main processing unit of the system. It applies inference rules to the knowledge base to derive a conclusion or deduce new information.
Expert systems do not have human capabilities. They use a knowledge base of a particular domain and bring that knowledge to bear on the facts of the particular situation at hand. The knowledge base of an ES also contains heuristic knowledge - rules of thumb used by human experts who work in the domain.
Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural code.
While expert systems are based on expertise and expert reasoning capabilities for a specific area of responsibility, CBR is an approach for problem solving and learning of humans and computers. Starting from different research activities, CBR and expert systems have become overlapping research fields.
Some open source expert systems / expert systems tools (tools you can use to write Expert Systems) include
Additional relevant resources can be found in the list here.
In terms of recommendations at which Expert Systems to look at for learning purposes, I would recommend OpenCyC. There is very intereting Google Tech Talk Computers vs Common Sense about the Cyc technology.
Without additional information and clarification it is difficult to make further recommendations.
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