Ambient declaration with an imported type in TypeScript

Question

I have a declaration file in my TypeScript project like so:

// myapp.d.ts declare namespace MyApp {   interface MyThing {     prop1: string     prop2: number   } } 

This works great and I can use this namespace anywhere in my project without having to import it.

I now need to import a type from a 3rd party module and use it in my ambient declaration:

// myapp.d.ts import {SomeType} from 'module'  declare namespace MyApp {   interface MyThing {     prop1: string     prop2: number     prop3: SomeType   } } 

The compiler now complains that it can't find namespace 'MyApp', presumably because the import prevents it from being ambient.

Is there some easy way to retain the ambient-ness of the declaration whilst utilising 3rd-party types?

Answer 1

Yes, there is a way. It has become easier in TypeScript 2.9 by using import() a type but it's also possible in earlier versions of TypeScript.

The following file is a script. Things declared in a script are added to the global scope. This is why you can use MyApp.MyThing without importing it.

// myapp.d.ts declare namespace MyApp {   interface MyThing {     prop1: string;     prop2: number;   } } 

Scripts are limited in that they cannot import anything; when you add an import, the script becomes a module. I think it's weird to say the least, but it is what it is. What matters is that things defined in a module are scoped to that module, and are not added to the global scope.

However, modules can add declarations to the global scope too, by putting them inside global:

// myapp.d.ts import {SomeType} from 'module';  declare global {   namespace MyApp {     interface MyThing {       prop1: string;       prop2: number;       prop3: SomeType;     }   } } 

This file is a module, but it adds a declaration of MyApp.MyThing to the global scope, so you can still use MyApp.MyThing in other TypeScript code without importing it.

Note that using the .d.ts extension has nothing to do with you being able to access the interface without importing it. Both of the above files could have been .ts files and would still behave exactly the same.