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What does the backup window duration setting mean when configuring an Amazon RDS instance?
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Automated Backups Amazon RDS automatically creates a storage volume snapshot of your DB instance, backing up the entire DB instance and not just individual databases. This backup occurs during a daily user-configurable 30 minute period known as the backup window.
Automated backups If a preferred backup window is not specified when an DB instance is created, RDS assigns a default 30-minute backup window which is selected at random from an 8-hour block of time per region. Changes to the backup window take effect immediately.
You can set the backup retention period from 1 to 35 days. The maximum retention period currently available for automated snapshots is 35 days. When automated backups are turned on for your DB Instance, Amazon RDS automatically performs a full, daily snapshot of your data and captures transaction logs.
You can start and stop your Amazon RDS instances easily within a few minutes. This feature supports cost-saving for databases that aren't required to be running all the time. You can stop a database instance for up to seven days.
Backup window doesn't specifically ask for the time when to start take backup but instead ask for time period in which aws can trigger backup. So basically it's asking for backup window time. That's why it has 2 fields
1. StartTime: When can the process of backup be started.
2. Duration: time window in which process must start to take backup.
E.G
if I set start time: 5:30 and duration: 30mints
Backup can start at anytime between 5:30 to 6:00.
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from Working With Backups documentaion
Below is the answer for "what if the backup did not fit into a backup window?"
If the backup requires more time than allotted to the backup window, the backup continues after the window ends, until it finishes.
Below is the answer for "If backup may not fit into the backup window, why do we need a backup window?"
The backup window can't overlap with the weekly maintenance window for the DB instance.
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