"after" looping indefinitely: never entering mainloop

Question

This is my first post. I started coding when considering a career swap two months ago and am working on a Tetris clone. I've implemented most of the core features, but cannot get the game to refresh continually with an after loop.

I'm using Tkinter to produce my Gui and am trying out event oriented programming.

My understanding is that after(Time, Event) from Tkinter should schedule whatever the Event callback function is to occur after a delay specified by Time. I think that the code is supposed to continue executing subsequent items after this.

My frame refresh function (game.updateBoard()) does most of the necessary events for tetris to work, then calls itself using after. I call it once when initializing an instance of the game.

Instead of proceeding to mainloop(), the game.updateboard() function calls itself via after indefinitely.

I suspect that it is not behaving how I thought after worked which would be to continue to execute the script until the specified delay occurs. I think it is waiting for the callback to terminate to continue.

I tried to find a resource on this but could not.

If you have suggestions for fixing this question, the attached code, or for coding in general, I am very happy to hear them! This is a learning process and I'll gladly try pretty much anything you suggest.

Here is the relevant portion of the code:

class game():
    def __init__(self): #Set up board and image board
        self.pieces = ["L","J","S","Z","T","O","I"]
        self.board = boardFrame()
        self.root = Tk()
        self.root.title("Tetris")
        self.root.geometry("250x525")

        self.frame = Frame(self.root)

        #set up black and green squares for display
        self.bSquare = "bsquare.gif"
        self.gSquare = "square.gif"
        self.rSquare = "rsquare.gif"
        self.image0 = PhotoImage(file = self.bSquare)
        self.image1 = PhotoImage(file = self.gSquare)
        self.image2 = PhotoImage(file = self.rSquare)

        #get an initial piece to work with
        self.activeBlock = piece(self.pieces[random.randint(0,6)])

        #Tells program to lower block every half second
        self.blockTimer = 0
        self.updateBoard()

        self.root.bind('<KeyPress-Up>', self.turn)
        self.root.bind('<KeyPress-Right>', self.moveR)
        self.root.bind('<KeyPress-Left>', self.moveL)
        self.root.bind('<KeyPress-Down>',self.moveD)
        print("Entering mainloop")
        self.root.mainloop()

    def turn(self, event):
        self.activeBlock.deOccupy(self.board)
        self.activeBlock.turn()
        self.activeBlock.occupy(self.board)
        self.drawGrid(self.board.grid)

    def moveR(self, event):
        self.activeBlock.deOccupy(self.board)
        self.activeBlock.updatePos([1,0], self.board)
        self.activeBlock.occupy(self.board)
        self.drawGrid(self.board.grid)

    def moveL(self, event):
      if self.activeBlock.checkLeft(self.board) == False:
        self.activeBlock.deOccupy(self.board)
        self.activeBlock.updatePos([-1,0], self.board)
        self.activeBlock.occupy(self.board)
        self.drawGrid(self.board.grid)

    def moveD(self, event): #find
        self.activeBlock.deOccupy(self.board)
        self.activeBlock.updatePos([0,-1],self.board)
        if self.activeBlock.checkBottom(self.board) == True:
            self.activeBlock.occupy(self.board)
            self.activeBlock = piece(self.pieces[random.randint(0,6)])
##            self.activeBlock = piece(self.pieces[1])
            print("bottomed")
            self.activeBlock.occupy(self.board)

        self.activeBlock.occupy(self.board)
        self.drawGrid(self.board.grid)

    def drawGrid(self, dGrid):

        #Generate squares to match tetris board
        for widget in self.frame.children.values():
            widget.destroy()

        self.activeBlock.occupy(self.board)

        for x in range(9,-1,-1):
            for y in range(20,-1,-1):
                if self.board.grid[x][y] == 1:
                    self.frame.displayA = Label(self.frame, image=self.image1)
##                    self.frame.displayA.image = self.image1
                    self.frame.displayA.grid(row=21-y, column=x)


                else:
                    self.frame.displayA = Label(self.frame, image = self.image0)
##                    self.frame.displayA.image = self.image0
                    self.frame.displayA.grid(row=21-y, column=x)

        self.frame.displayA = Label(self.frame, image = self.image2)
        self.frame.displayA.grid(row = 21 - self.activeBlock.center[1], column = self.activeBlock.center[0])

        self.frame.grid()

    def updateBoard(self):
        self.blockTimer += 1
        "print updateBoard Loop"

        ## 1)check for keyboard commands
        #1.1 move block by keyboard commands
        #2) see if block has bottomed out, if it has, have it enter itself into the grid and generate a new block.
        if self.activeBlock.checkBottom(self.board) == True:
            self.activeBlock.occupy(self.board)
            self.activeBlock = piece(self.pieces[random.randint(0,6)])
            print("bottomed")
            self.activeBlock.occupy(self.board)

        #2.2 - if block has not bottomed and 50 frames (~.5 seconds) have passed, move the active block down a square after clearing its old space. 
        elif self.blockTimer%12 == 0:
            self.activeBlock.deOccupy(self.board)
            self.activeBlock.updatePos([0,-1], self.board)
            self.activeBlock.occupy(self.board)


    ## 4) check for filled rows
        for y in range(1,21):
            for x in range(10):
                rowFull = True
                if self.board.grid[x][y] == 0:
                    rowFull == False  
            #4.1 if any row is filled, delete it and then move all rows above the deleted row down by one
            if rowFull == True:
                for x2 in range(10):
                    self.board.grid[x2][y] = 0
                    for y2 in range(y+1,21):
                        if self.board.grid[x2][y2] == 1:
                            self.board.grid[x2][y2] = 0
                            self.board.grid[x2][y2-1] = 1

            #4.11 if the row is full and the row above it was full, delete the row again as well as the row above it, and move all rows down by 2
                for x in range(10):
                    rowFull = True
                    if self.board.grid[x][y] == 0:
                        rowFull == False
                        if rowFull == True:
                            for x2 in range(10):
                                try:
                                    self.board.grid[x2][y] = 0
                                    self.board.grid[x2][y+1] = 0
                                except:
                                    pass
                                for y2 in range(y+2,21):
                                    try:
                                        if self.board.grid[x2][y2] == 1:
                                            self.board.grid[x2][y2] = 0
                                            self.board.grid[x2][y2-2] = 1
                                    except:
                                        pass


        #5) if there is a block in the top row, end the game loop
        for x in range(10):
            if self.board.grid[x][20] == 1:
                game = "over"


        #6) update image
        self.activeBlock.occupy(self.board)
        self.drawGrid(self.board.grid)
        self.frame.after(500, self.updateBoard())


Game = game()

Answer 1

You want to do self.frame.after(500, self.updateBoard).

The difference here is subtle, (self.updateBoard instead of self.updateBoard()). In your version, you're passing the result of your function to the after method instead of passing the function. This results in the infinite recursion that you described.