adb devices return error: protocol fault (no status)

Question

My ADB stopped working recently. All commands results in error: protocol fault (no status).

Follow trace.

adb devices

system/core/adb/adb.c::main():Handling commandline()
system/core/adb/adb_client.c::adb_query():adb_query: host:devices
system/core/adb/adb_client.c::_adb_connect():_adb_connect: host:version
system/core/adb/sysdeps_win32.c::socket_loopback_client():socket_loopback_client
: could not connect to tcp:5037
system/core/adb/adb_client.c::adb_connect():adb_connect: service host:devices
* daemon not running. starting it now on port 5037 *
* daemon started successfully *
system/core/adb/adb_client.c::_adb_connect():_adb_connect: host:devices
system/core/adb/sysdeps_win32.c::socket_loopback_client():socket_loopback_client
: port 5037 type tcp => fd 101
system/core/adb/transport.c::writex():writex: fd=101 len=4: 30303063 000c
system/core/adb/transport.c::writex():writex: fd=101 len=12: 686f73743a646576696
36573 host:devices
system/core/adb/transport.c::readx():readx: fd=101 wanted=4
system/core/adb/sysdeps_win32.c::_socket_set_errno():_socket_set_errno: unhandle
d value 10054
system/core/adb/transport.c::readx():readx: fd=101 error 22: Invalid argument
system/core/adb/sysdeps_win32.c::adb_close():adb_close: 101(lo-client:5037)
system/core/adb/adb_client.c::adb_connect():adb_connect: return fd -1
error: protocol fault (no status)

Answer 1

I had the same issue and found the problem: Android Studio.

Open the Android Studio menu Tools -> Android and uncheck Enable ADB integration.

adb devices should work (you might need adb kill-server first).

Then you can re-enable ADB integration in Studio.

Answer 2

This typically means, that your ADB service or your driver is outdated.
Since the drivers aren't updated most of the time, make sure you've installed the latest version of your Android SDK Platform-tools via the SDK Manager: