Why was "new Date(int year, int month, int day)" deprecated?

Question

Originally, Date was intended to contain all logic concerning dates, but the API designers eventually realized that the API they had so far was woefully inadequate and could not be cleanly extended to deal correctly with issues such as timezones, locales, different calendars, daylight savings times, etc.

So they created Calendar to deal with all that complexity, and relegated Date to a simple timestamp, deprecating all its functionality that dealt with formatting, parsing and individual date fields.

BTW, internally these methods such as Date(int, int, int) constructor now call Calendar, so if you see a difference in speed, then you're doing something wrong when calling Calendar.

The bottomline: It's not Java's Calendar API that is overly complex, it's the human concept of dates, and the only problem with Calendar is that it offers not much in the way of shortcuts to the most common usages.

The Java Date APIs have long been critized, see for instance this thread.

You might want to check out Joda-Time or Apache Commons Lang for alternative Date/Time utilities.

The answer is portability.

The class Date is not very flexible. You can define dates, but not with any transformation into other calendar formats. So Sun decided to use an additional class hierarchy (Calendar) to make it more flexible.

Nonetheless, it's not very handy.

Mostly because the original java.util.Date was bloated and not completely timezone aware and not internationalization friendly.

However, Date is still in use and very well, in Value Objects, or say as a data type. As far as you make it immutable explicitly, you can go with ease. I tend to think it must be immutable, for other purpose we have Calendar to manipulate. Where its lot of manipulation expected, one should consider something like, Joda-Time.

[Edited]

Just don't instantiate the Date, in the latter code. Its of no use. You may achieve a better result for your benchmark.

Of course, no-one ever uses any other calendar format, but the new API increases the amount of code to write for the 99% common case, so it's a great boon for Java programmers paid by LoC.

Michael Borgwardt had the best answer, technically. But why is he blaming humans for the way our solar system is laid out?

OK, we came up with the idea of seconds, and minutes, and hours.

But it's not our fault that that Earth's day is approximate (depending on whether we're talking about true solar day, mean solar day, or stellar day, each of which varies periodically and randomly). It isn't our fault that the time of Earth's orbit around the Sun is approximately 365 days, and it's not our fault that the moon's orbit around the Earth is approximately 27.3 days (depending on whether we're talking about a sidereal, synodic, tropical, anomalistic, or draconic (nodical) month).

Aren't you glad that Calendar didn't take all those details into account? Then our software bugs might indeed be dependent on the phase of the moon.