Why use string::iterator rather than index? [duplicate]

Question

Possible Duplicate:
Why use iterators instead of array indices?

string::iterator it;
for (it = str.begin(); it < str.end(); it++) 
    cout << *it;
cout << endl;

Why not:

for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
    cout << str[i];
cout << endl;

It seems that string::iterator does not provide range check either. Why should we use string::iterator rather than index?

Thanks.

Answer 1

The index can only be used for containers that support random access - direct access to a given position.

The iterator offers a unified way to access any collection/data structure. The flexibility when refactoring your code is immense.

Answer 2

Iterators are a standard interface. By using iterators, you can use the same algorithms with different containers. The final decision whether to use them or not is up to you based on usability and readability.

For example, using the standard transform algorithm to covert std::string to uppercase:

std::string str = "A String";
std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), ::toupper);

will result in str being equal to "A STRING".

Answer 3

For std::string specifically, i would suggest you use indexes since it supports Random Access and its simpler that way. The only reason its "recommended" to use iterators is because iterators offer a standard interface to access sequences so that if your sequence changed to std::list for example, your iteration code would remain un-affected