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I saw in MSDN documents that the maximum value of Int32 is 2,147,483,647, hexadecimal 0x7FFFFFFF.
I think, if it's Int32 it should store 32-bit integer values that finally should be 4,294,967,295 and hexadecimal 0xFFFFFFFF.
My question is why Int32 stores 31-bit integer values?
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The number 2,147,483,647 (or hexadecimal 7FFFFFFF16) is the maximum positive value for a 32-bit signed binary integer in computing. It is therefore the maximum value for variables declared as integers (e.g., as int ) in many programming languages.
The value of this constant is 2,147,483,647; that is, hexadecimal 0x7FFFFFFF.
A 32-bit signed integer. It has a minimum value of -2,147,483,648 and a maximum value of 2,147,483,647 (inclusive). A 32-bit unsigned integer. It has a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 4,294,967,295 (inclusive).
In binary, 2147483647 is 01111111111111111111111111111111 and it's the biggest positive number that will fit in 32 bits when using the "two's complement" notation -- the way of representing numbers that allows for negative values.
It's because it's a signed integer. An unsigned 32-bit integer give you the value you expect.
Check out this MSDN page - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/exx3b86w(v=vs.80).aspx
For a more in depth explanation on why this is check out the link in Jackson Popes answer related to Two's Complement number representation.
Also some further reading.
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Because one bit is used to store the sign (Int32 can be less than zero).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement
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